Consequences of Nonpenetrating Projectile Impact on a Protected Head: Study of Rear Effects of Protections

Sarron, Jean-Claude; Caillou, J P; Cunha, J Da; Allain, J C; Trameçon, Alain

doi:10.1097/00005373-200011000-00021

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Moreover a linear skull fracture is predicted in the rear effect impact configuration through the destruction of 16 composite shell elements on the skull close to the impact location on the human head of the deformed aluminium plate. These results are more or less consistent (except for the brain pressure) with the ones obtained by (Sarron et al, 2000) who simulated experimentally the rear effect impact configuration, in terms of:…”

Section: Discussion and Recommendationssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Nevertheless efforts have still to be made in the FEM of the skull, and especially in its geometry, in order to simulate the depressive fractures that are usually observed in experimental tests when ballistic projectiles with small dimensions and weight and launched at high velocities impact living tissues. For example, a hole ranging between a thickness of 9 and 13 mm is observed on the skull in the rear effect impact configuration experimental tests of (Sarron et al, 2000). Such depressive fractures are sometimes observed at the contact location of the impacting ballistic projectiles in addition to the linear fractures.…”

Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Finite element modelling of human head injuries caused by ballistic projectiles

Baumgartner

Willinger

2005

Revue Européenne des Éléments Finis

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This study provides numerical prediction tools for human head injuries caused by the impact of ballistic projectiles launched at high velocities towards that through a helmet protected or non protected anatomical segment. Two kinds of impact configurations are considered: on the one hand, the rear effect caused by a ballistic projectile launched at high velocity towards the helmet of a military personnel, and on the other hand, the direct impact of a flashball towards a non protected head. Three finite element models are therefore developed: a model of the head including its principle anatomical components, a model of an aluminium plate impacted by a steel bullet and a model of a flashball. Brain pressure and brain Von Mises stress, the to the head applied force as well as the global strain energy of the skull are calculated. A linear fracture of the skull is predicted in the case of the rear effect impact configuration whereas the brain tissues tolerance limits for brain neurological lesions seem not to be reached whatever the impact configuration considered. RESUME. Cette étude fournit des outils numériques de prédictions de lésions de la tête humaine impactée par des projectiles balistiques lancés à grandes vitesses contre ce segment anatomique protégé ou non. Deux configurations d'impacts sont considérées: d'une part l'effet arrière causé par un projectile balistique lancé à grande vitesse contre le casque d 'un soldat, et, d'autre part l'impact direct d'un flashball contre la tête non protégée. Trois modèles par éléments finis sont développés à cet effet: un modèle de la tête incluant ses principaux constituants anatomiques, un modèle d'une plaque en aluminium impactée par une bille en acier et un modèle de flashball. La pression et les contraintes de Von Mises cérébrales, la force appliquée à la tête et l'énergie globale de déformation du crâne sont calculées. Une fracture linéaire du crâne est prédite dans la configuration d'impact de l'effet arrière alors que les limites de tolérance des tissus cérébraux relativement aux lésions neurologiques cérébrales ne sont pas atteintes quelle que soit la configuration d'impact considérée. KEYWORDS: human head, ballistic projectiles, finite element method, biomechanics of impact. MOTS CLES : tête humaine, projectiles balistiques, méthode des éléments finis, biomécanique de l'impact.

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Section: Discussion and Recommendationssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element modelling of human head injuries caused by ballistic projectiles

Baumgartner

Willinger

2005

Revue Européenne des Éléments Finis

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“…Increasing the space between the armor and the body and reducing the contact between the protrusion of the armor and the body would reduce the energy that is transmitted. 35 Although the spine was protected according to the standards of the US National Institute of Justice III (NIJ III), the impact also caused concussion or contusion of the spinal cord and distant injury of the brain, leading to paralysis and cognitive dysfunction. All of the wounded should be treated as soon as possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological, Functional, and Biomechanical Characteristics After High-Velocity Behind Armor Blunt Trauma of the Spine

Zhang

Huang²,

Su³

et al. 2011

Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection &Amp; Critical Care

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“…FEM have been used for the development of ballistic helmets and to study the rear effect of a gunshot impact on protection helmets [44][45][46]. It appears possible to study the effect of an intermediate target on gunshot injuries, but to date, no study has been made to study the feasibility of this technique.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite-element models of the human head and their applications in forensic practice

et al. 2008

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Since the 1960s, predictive human head impact indices have been developed to help the investigation of causation of human head injury. Finite-element models (FEM) can provide interesting tools for the forensic scientists when various human head injury mechanisms need to be evaluated. Human head FEMs are mainly used for car crash evaluations and are not in common use in forensic science. Recent technological progress has resulted in creating more simple tools, which will certainly help to consider the use of FEM in routine forensic practice in the coming years. This paper reviews the main FEMs developed and focuses on the models which can be used as predictive tools. Their possible applications in forensic medicine are discussed.

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Consequences of Nonpenetrating Projectile Impact on a Protected Head: Study of Rear Effects of Protections

Abstract: This first step toward a better understanding of the rear effect phenomenon in relation to its consequences on brain tissue will lead to the design of more efficient protections.

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

Finite element modelling of human head injuries caused by ballistic projectiles

Finite element modelling of human head injuries caused by ballistic projectiles

Neurological, Functional, and Biomechanical Characteristics After High-Velocity Behind Armor Blunt Trauma of the Spine

Finite-element models of the human head and their applications in forensic practice

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