Consequences of imidacloprid treatments for hemlock woolly adelgid on stream water quality in the southern Appalachians

Benton, E.; Grant, Jerome F.; Mueller, Thomas C.; Webster, Rick; Nichols, Rebecca J.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2015.10.028

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Thus, imidacloprid had a greater amount of time to migrate through the soil into the stream channel. Imidacloprid presence in surface waters >1 yr after treatments was previously observed by Churchel et al (2011) and Benton et al (2016). Imidacloprid was consistently detected in streams in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, often during ambient conditions, from 0 to 42 mo since the most recent treatment (Benton et al, 2016).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Imidacloprid presence in surface waters >1 yr after treatments was previously observed by Churchel et al (2011) and Benton et al (2016). Imidacloprid was consistently detected in streams in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, often during ambient conditions, from 0 to 42 mo since the most recent treatment (Benton et al, 2016). Thus, movement of imidacloprid in hemlock systems can occur for >1 yr. Second, the cumulative amount of active ingredient applied to the Ben Creek area was 0.584 kg ha −1 over the 2‐yr period, compared with ∼0.410 kg ha −1 in the recently treated study sites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Imidacloprid was also detected in 7 of 10 streams adjacent to imidacloprid‐treated hemlock stands in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (Benton et al, 2016). Observed imidacloprid concentrations ranged from 0.028 to 0.379 μg L −1 , and the LOD was 0.20 μg L −1 (Benton et al, 2016). Although the time since most recent imidacloprid application near these streams varied from 0 to 42 mo, some areas received numerous applications over a multiyear period.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Short‐term Detection of Imidacloprid in Streams after Applications in Forests

Wiggins

Benton²,

Grant

et al. 2018

J of Env Quality

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Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, is a major component of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) [ (Annand)] management programs that are critical to protecting forest health in the eastern United States. However, the impact of imidacloprid soil applications in forests on some aquatic macroinvertebrate species by leaching into aquatic systems is uncertain. The time for residues from imidacloprid soil applications to migrate from treated hemlocks to nearby streams and the concentrations at which imidacloprid may occur after initial migration is unknown. The presence and concentration of imidacloprid in three streams adjacent to recently treated hemlock (soil drench >10 m from stream channels) were assessed in the Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area. Two standard water grabs were collected monthly for 1 yr from a location downstream from imidacloprid-treated areas. Samples were analyzed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (limit of detection = 0.025 μg L). Imidacloprid was detected in all treatment streams during a single rain event that occurred 184 to 196 d after treatments, and concentrations ranged from 0.053 to 0.833 μg L. Imidacloprid was not detected on any other sampling date from treatment streams. All observed positive detections exceeded the USEPA freshwater invertebrate chronic endpoint (0.01 μg L). One stream sample exceeded the USEPA freshwater invertebrate acute endpoint (0.39 μg L). However, previous macroinvertebrate community assessments in streams with similar concentrations did not indicate negative effects to aquatic fauna. These findings help characterize the risk of imidacloprid treatments to stream macroinvertebrates within 1 yr of soil applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

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confidence: 99%

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Short‐term Detection of Imidacloprid in Streams after Applications in Forests

Wiggins

Benton²,

Grant

et al. 2018

J of Env Quality

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“…Of note is the issue of surface water runoff, where imidacloprid can be carried into local waterways. Imidacloprid is a broad-spectrum insecticide that is capable of impacting any arthropod community it is introduced into (Eisenback et al 2010, Benton et al 2016. Recent studies have shown that although runoff from soil treatment does eventually find its way into adjacent waterways, the concentrations at which imidacloprid are found are well below the mandated EPA chronic and acute threat levels.…”

Section: Chemical Controls For Managing Hwamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have shown that although runoff from soil treatment does eventually find its way into adjacent waterways, the concentrations at which imidacloprid are found are well below the mandated EPA chronic and acute threat levels. Furthermore, no secondary metabolites were recovered from the waters that were tested (Benton et al 2016). …”

Section: Chemical Controls For Managing Hwamentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating a potential area-wide IPM strategy for managing hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States

Sumpter¹

2016

2016 International Congress of Entomology

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(Academic)Use of imidacloprid has been found to be highly effective in suppressing hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) is a predator released as a biological control in the eastern U.S. This project was designed to develop a pest management strategy that utilizes both tactics concurrently within the same site. It will assess the efficacy of this strategy in reducing HWA populations and improving the health of hemlock forests. The

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Risk assessment of imidacloprid use in forest settings on the aquatic macroinvertebrate community

Benton

Grant

Nichols

et al. 2017

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The isolated effects of a single insecticide can be difficult to assess in natural settings because of the presence of numerous pollutants in many watersheds. Imidacloprid use for suppressing hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annand) (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), in forests offers a rare opportunity to assess potential impacts on aquatic macroinvertebrates in relatively pristine landscapes. Aquatic macroinvertebrate communities were assessed in 9 streams in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (southern Appalachian Mountains, USA). The streams flow through hemlock conservation areas where imidacloprid soil drench treatments were applied for hemlock woolly adelgid suppression. Sites were located upstream and downstream of the imidacloprid treatments. Baseline species presence data (pre-imidacloprid treatment) were available from previous sample collections at downstream sites. Downstream and upstream sites did not vary in numerous community measures. Although comparisons of paired upstream and downstream sites showed differences in diversity in 7 streams, higher diversity was found more often in downstream sites. Macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups and life habits were similar between downstream and upstream sites. Downstream and baseline stream samples were similar. While some functional feeding group and life habit species richness categories varied, variations did not indicate poorer quality downstream communities. Imidacloprid treatments applied according to US Environmental Protection Agency federal restrictions did not result in negative effects to aquatic macroinvertebrate communities, which indicates that risks of imidacloprid use in forest settings are low. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3108-3119. © 2017 SETAC.

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Consequences of imidacloprid treatments for hemlock woolly adelgid on stream water quality in the southern Appalachians

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Short‐term Detection of Imidacloprid in Streams after Applications in Forests

Short‐term Detection of Imidacloprid in Streams after Applications in Forests

Evaluating a potential area-wide IPM strategy for managing hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States

Risk assessment of imidacloprid use in forest settings on the aquatic macroinvertebrate community

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