Consequences of gene flow between oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and its relatives

Liu, Yongbo; Wei, Wei; Ma, Keping; Li, Junsheng; Liang, Yunfeng; Darmency, Henri

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.07.002

Cited by 66 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Recent studies focused on pesticide exposure in insect pollinators, honey bees and bumblebees, showed that pesticides affected bee behavior in the colony and the queen, productivity of honey bees and workers foraging, and pollen collection of bumblebees (Gill et al 2012;Henry et al 2012;Whitehorn et al 2012). Chemical residues in food and drinking water and the exposure of farmers and industrial workers to chemical pesticides threaten human health (Goldman and Koduru 2000;Liu et al 2012Liu et al , 2013a. This is dependent on the spread, persistence, and enrichment in the environment and residues in food products.…”

Section: Environmental Impacts Of Agricultural Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Agricultural Practices Threaten Future Global Food Production

Liu

2014

J Agric Environ Ethics

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In future decades, food demand for an increased population with elevated standards of living poses a huge challenge, particularly in the sense of the environmental impacts of agricultural systems. We have analyzed agricultural data from the past 50 years, and found that the current agricultural practices will have negative effects on global food production: total agricultural area has decreased since 2000, fertilizer and pesticide consumption increased while their efficiency decreased, and available water sources are already being used for irrigation. Expansion of biofuel production, cultivation limitations of genetically modified organisms, and the trend of increasing living standards will all intensify the risks of a global food crisis in the coming decades. Crop yield and environmental protection will then have to be traded off if there are no feasible solutions at country or regional scales, and it is crucial for agricultural sustainability to increase crop yields and simultaneously decrease environmental impacts of agriculture intensification.

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Section: Environmental Impacts Of Agricultural Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Agricultural Practices Threaten Future Global Food Production

Liu

2014

J Agric Environ Ethics

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“…Oilseed rape is known to spontaneously hybridise with some sexually compatible wild relatives (Scheffler and Dale, 1994;Ellstrand et al, 1999Ellstrand et al, , 2013Devos et al, 2009;Andersson and de Vicente, 2010;Liu et al, 2010Liu et al, , 2012Liu et al, , 2013Huangfu et al, 2011;Tsuda et al, 2011;Hesse, 2012, Luijten et al, 2014). Several oilseed rape wild relative hybrids have been reported in the scientific literature, but, under field conditions, transgene introgression has only been confirmed for progeny of oilseed rape Brassica rapa hybrids (Hansen et al, 2001(Hansen et al, , 2003Warwick et al, 2003Warwick et al, , 2008Norris et al, 2004;Jørgensen, 2007;Ellstrand et al, 2013).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Relevant Scientific Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several oilseed rape wild relative hybrids have been reported in the scientific literature, but, under field conditions, transgene introgression has only been confirmed for progeny of oilseed rape Brassica rapa hybrids (Hansen et al, 2001(Hansen et al, , 2003Warwick et al, 2003Warwick et al, , 2008Norris et al, 2004;Jørgensen, 2007;Ellstrand et al, 2013). Owing to ecological and genetic barriers, not all relatives of oilseed rape share the same potential for hybridisation and transgene introgression (Jenczewski et al, 2003;Chèvre et al, 2004;FitzJohn et al, 2007;Wilkinson and Ford, 2007;Devos et al, 2009;Jørgensen et al, 2009;Luijten and de Jong, 2011;Liu et al, 2013). For transgene introgression to occur, both species must occur in their respective distribution range of viable pollen.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Relevant Scientific Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For transgene introgression to occur, both species must occur in their respective distribution range of viable pollen. This requires at least a partial overlap in flowering in time and space, and sharing of common pollinators (if insect pollinated) (Pascher et al, 1999(Pascher et al, , 2011Wilkinson et al, 2000Wilkinson et al, , 2003aChèvre et al, 2004;Simard and Légère, 2004;Allainguillaume et al, 2006;Simard et al, 2006;Wurbs et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2013;Luijten et al, 2014;Ohigashi et al, 2014). Sufficient level of genetic and structural relatedness between the genomes of both species also is needed to produce viable and fertile oilseed rape wild relative hybrids that stably express the transgene (e.g.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Relevant Scientific Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐BE‐2011‐101) for the placing on the market of herbicide‐tolerant genetically modified oilseed rape MON 88302 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto

Panel¹

2014

EFS2

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Oilseed rape MON 88302 was developed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation to express the CP4 EPSPS protein, which confers tolerance to glyphosate. The molecular characterisation of oilseed rape MON 88302 did not raise safety issues. Agronomic and phenotypic characteristics of oilseed rape MON 88302 tested under field conditions revealed no biologically relevant differences between oilseed rape MON 88302 and its conventional counterpart, except for days-to-first flowering. No differences in the compositional data requiring further safety assessment were identified. There were no concerns regarding the potential toxicity and allergenicity of the newly expressed CP4 EPSPS protein, and no evidence that the genetic modification might significantly change the overall allergenicity of oilseed rape MON 88302. The nutritional value of oilseed rape MON 88302 is not expected to differ from that of non-GM oilseed rape varieties. There are no indications of an increased likelihood of spread and establishment of feral oilseed rape MON 88302 plants or hybridising wild relatives, unless these plants are exposed to glyphosate. It is unlikely that the observed difference in days-to-first flowering would lead to any relevant increase in persistence or invasiveness. Risks associated with an unlikely, but theoretically possible, horizontal transfer of recombinant genes from oilseed rape MON 88302 to bacteria were not identified. The post-market environmental monitoring plan is in line with the intended uses of oilseed rape MON 88302. In conclusion, the EFSA GMO Panel considers that the information available addresses the scientific requirements of the EFSA GMO Panel and the scientific comments raised by the Member States, and that oilseed rape MON 88302, as described in this application, is as safe as its conventional counterpart and non-GM commercial oilseed rape varieties with respect to potential effects on human and animal health and the environment in the context of the scope of this application. ABSTRACTOilseed rape MON 88302 was developed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation to express the CP4 EPSPS protein, which confers tolerance to glyphosate. The molecular characterisation of oilseed rape MON 88302 did not raise safety issues. Agronomic and phenotypic characteristics of oilseed rape MON 88302 tested under field conditions revealed no biologically relevant differences between oilseed rape MON 88302 and its conventional counterpart, except for days-to-first flowering. No differences in the compositional data requiring further safety assessment were identified. There were no concerns regarding the potential toxicity and allergenicity of the newly expressed CP4 EPSPS protein, and no evidence that the genetic modification might significantly change the overall allergenicity of oilseed rape MON 88302. The nutritional value of oilseed rape MON 88302 is not expected to differ from that of non-GM oilseed rape varieties. There are no indications of an increased likelihood of spread and est...

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“…However, the cultivation of GM OSR is controversial in many countries, especially in Europe. Concerns focus on the high potential of GM OSR to outcross with conventional OSR (Damgaard and Kjellsson 2005;Hüsken and Dietz-Pfeilstetter 2007) and with related species (Chèvre et al 2004;Liu et al 2013) which could lead to gene flow of transgenes to conventional crops or wild species, respectively, and the potential of OSR to persist as volunteer plants in agricultural fields (D'Hertefeldt et al 2008;Jørgensen et al 2007) or as feral plants in the environment (Elling et al 2009;Pascher et al 2010). In Switzerland, the use of GM OSR seeds for food and feed is not authorised (FASC 2005(FASC , 2014, and a moratorium for the cultivation of GM crops was put into force in 2005 (FASC 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low level impurities in imported wheat are a likely source of feral transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in Switzerland

Schulze¹,

Brodmann²,

Oehen

et al. 2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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In Switzerland, the cultivation of genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and the use of its seeds for food and feed are not permitted. Nevertheless, the GM oilseed rape events GT73, MS8×RF3, MS8 and RF3 have recently been found in the Rhine port of Basel, Switzerland. The sources of GM oilseed rape seeds have been unknown. The main agricultural good being imported at the Rhine port of Basel is wheat and from 2010 to 2013, 19% of all Swiss wheat imports originated from Canada. As over 90% of all oilseed rape grown in Canada is GM, we hypothesised that imports of Canadian wheat may contain low level impurities of GM oilseed rape. Therefore, waste fraction samples gathered during the mechanical cleaning of Canadian wheat from two Swiss grain mills were analysed by separating oilseed rape seeds from waste fraction samples and testing DNA of pooled seeds for the presence of transgenes by real-time PCR. Furthermore, oilseed rape seeds from each grain mill were sown in a germination experiment, and seedling DNA was tested for the presence of transgenes by real-time PCR. GT73, MS8×RF3, MS8 and RF3 oilseed rape was detected among seed samples and seedlings of both grain mills. Based on this data, we projected a mean proportion of 0.005% of oilseed rape in wheat imported from Canada. Besides Canadian wheat, the Rhine port of Basel does not import any other significant amounts of agricultural products from GM oilseed rape producing countries. We therefore conclude that Canadian wheat is the major source of unintended introduction of GM oilseed rape seeds into Switzerland.

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Consequences of gene flow between oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and its relatives

Cited by 66 publications

References 99 publications

Current Agricultural Practices Threaten Future Global Food Production

Current Agricultural Practices Threaten Future Global Food Production

Scientific Opinion on application (EFSA‐GMO‐BE‐2011‐101) for the placing on the market of herbicide‐tolerant genetically modified oilseed rape MON 88302 for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Monsanto

Low level impurities in imported wheat are a likely source of feral transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) in Switzerland

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