Consequences of extensive habitat fragmentation in landscape‐level patterns of genetic diversity and structure in the <scp>M</scp>editerranean esparto grasshopper

Ortego, Joaquín; Aguirre, Maria Pilar; Noguerales, Víctor; Cordero, Pedro J.

doi:10.1111/eva.12273

Cited by 48 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…1 in Ortego et al . for a map showing available habitats of Rh within the study area). Calliptamus barbarus (Costa, 1836) (subfamily: Calliptaminae) (hereafter, Cb) is a medium‐sized (♂: 13–21 mm; ♀: 19–31 mm) and generalist grasshopper that feeds on many grass species (Blanchet et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Ortego et al . ), phenotypic variation (Heidinger et al . ; Gomez & Van Dyck ) and extinction risk (Reinhardt et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the patchy distribution of these inland saline environments is mostly the result of natural and historical processes, land clearing for agriculture has strongly contributed to their increased fragmentation and the destruction of many other natural habitats of the region such as esparto grass formations (Ortego et al . , ). The five focal study species have important differences in dispersal‐related morphology (body size and wing length; e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discordant patterns of genetic and phenotypic differentiation in five grasshopper species codistributed across a microreserve network

2015

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Conservation plans can be greatly improved when information on the evolutionary and demographic consequences of habitat fragmentation is available for several codistributed species. Here, we study spatial patterns of phenotypic and genetic variation among five grasshopper species that are codistributed across a network of microreserves but show remarkable differences in dispersal-related morphology (body size and wing length), degree of habitat specialization and extent of fragmentation of their respective habitats in the study region. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that species with preferences for highly fragmented microhabitats show stronger genetic and phenotypic structure than codistributed generalist taxa inhabiting a continuous matrix of suitable habitat. We also hypothesized a higher resemblance of spatial patterns of genetic and phenotypic variability among species that have experienced a higher degree of habitat fragmentation due to their more similar responses to the parallel large-scale destruction of their natural habitats. In partial agreement with our first hypothesis, we found that genetic structure, but not phenotypic differentiation, was higher in species linked to highly fragmented habitats. We did not find support for congruent patterns of phenotypic and genetic variability among any studied species, indicating that they show idiosyncratic evolutionary trajectories and distinctive demographic responses to habitat fragmentation across a common landscape. This suggests that conservation practices in networks of protected areas require detailed ecological and evolutionary information on target species to focus management efforts on those taxa that are more sensitive to the effects of habitat fragmentation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Ortego et al . ), phenotypic variation (Heidinger et al . ; Gomez & Van Dyck ) and extinction risk (Reinhardt et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discordant patterns of genetic and phenotypic differentiation in five grasshopper species codistributed across a microreserve network

2015

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“…The majority of animal life on Earth is represented by insects (Grimaldi & Engel 2005;Zhang 2011), whose communities are deeply restructured by the fragmentation milieu (Steffan-Dewenter & Tscharntke 2002;Krauss et al 2009;Ortego et al 2015;Sánchez-de-Jesús et al 2016). For example, species richness of tropical dung beetles tended to decrease towards small, isolated and impoverished fragments in terms of tree richness (Filgueiras et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of forest fragmentation on community patterns of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Central Amazon

Graça

Somavilla

2018

Austral Entomology

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Landscape fragmentation is one of the greatest threats to environments globally, affecting all living organisms within fragments at many assembly levels. Despite such general assumptions, very few reports exist on the diversity patterns of Amazonian social wasps (Polistinae) in response to fragmentation. Our study aims at addressing how the community patterns of social wasp change from continuous to fragmented landscapes in the Amazon rainforest. We collected social wasps for a year (11 520 trap-hour effort) in a continuous forest and a highly disturbed urban forest fragment, located in Manaus, Brazil. We attracted wasps using sardine and orange juice traps, placed in 20 sampling plots. We collected 2742 wasps from 29 species. Agelaia pallipes, Angiopolybia pallens and Agelaia fulvofasciata were the most abundant species. We detected significant differences in overall abundance, species richness and species composition of social wasps between landscapes. Conversely, no difference in species diversity (effective number of species) was found between habitats. Despite the low quantity of exclusive species, the numbers of most species declined sharply in the fragmented habitat, while for one species (Polybia rejecta), abundance increased. Regarding the percentile of species contribution to dissimilarity between landscapes, five out of the first six species were highly abundant (>100 individuals), thus demonstrating that the observed pattern was very likely driven by common species. Additionally, our findings highlight that fragmentation threatens abundant species as much as rare species. We hope that our results encourage the use of social wasps as models in basic and applied ecological surveys and further efforts for conservation of pristine forest areas in the tropical region of South America.

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“…Trioza barrettae Moir et al (2016) 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.04.012 None. Ortego et al (2015) 10.1111/eva.12273 None. Wang et al (2015) 10.1111/eea.12282 None.…”

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The interaction between diet breadth, geography and gene flow in herbivorous insects

Brookes¹

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The geographical distribution and life history of insects and their host plants determines when, and if, they will interact. The vast majority of herbivorous insects are host-plant specialists and their narrow host range limits their distribution and may also restrict gene flow between their populations. Generalist insect herbivores, by contrast, might be expected to have much higher gene flow across populations because the distribution of multiple host plant species is likely to be much more contiguous. Species distributions shift continually, so with enough time the populations of a specialist insect species should experience more events that fracture their distribution because of the changing distribution of their relatively fewer hosts. The changing distribution of insects and their host plants is thus important for mediating host-plant interactions and will also influence how and when adaptation to a host plant, or subset of host plants, occurs.To investigate the influence of geography and host breadth on gene flow, and thus speciation, I explore the evolutionary history and population genetic structure of two herbivorous insects with different host plant relationships, the generalist bug Nezara viridula (Pentatomidae, Hemiptera), a global pest species, and the specialist thrips Cycadothrips chadwicki (Aeolothripidae, Thysanoptera), the pollinator in a brood-site mutualism with Macrozamia cycads. The results from these systems were then integrated with other similar data sets from phytophagous insects to understand better how gene flow and host specificity relate to one another, and to examine the role each has played (and may still play) in the evolution of insect-plant interactions more generally.The pest bug N. viridula has two globally distributed mitochondrial lineages, the Asian (mtDNA lineage A) and the European (mtDNA lineage E), and the species status of these lineages has not been resolved. In Australia, I found that both of these N. viridula mitochondrial lineages were present.Microsatellite data show two genetically and geographically distinct populations, but these did not correspond directly to the two mitochondrial lineages. Together, mtDNA and microsatellite data shown that secondary contact has occurred in eastern Australia between the two lineages and has resulted in introgression of mtDNA lineage A into predominantly mtDNA lineage E populations in a narrow area, but without widespread introgression across the nuclear genome. Past research on this insect suggested that these lineages represented a single species because these mtDNA haplotypes were found together in single populations. The evidence presented here indicates that mating between lineages can occur, but that an analysis of mtDNA alone is not enough to understand the evolutionary history of these Conference abstracts for both of the above references can be found in Appendix 2. Publications included in thesis Contributor Statement of contribution Dean BrookesDesigned the study (50%), developed molecular tools (60%), cond...

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Consequences of extensive habitat fragmentation in landscape‐level patterns of genetic diversity and structure in the Mediterranean esparto grasshopper

Cited by 48 publications

References 67 publications

Discordant patterns of genetic and phenotypic differentiation in five grasshopper species codistributed across a microreserve network

Discordant patterns of genetic and phenotypic differentiation in five grasshopper species codistributed across a microreserve network

Effects of forest fragmentation on community patterns of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in Central Amazon

The interaction between diet breadth, geography and gene flow in herbivorous insects

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