“…Quail has grown economically as an agricultural animal over the past ten years, producing meat and eggs valued for their distinct flavor (Abd El-Hack et al, 2016 , 2017 , 2024 a, b ; Soomro et al, 2019 ; Taha et al, 2019 ; Abou-Kassem et al, 2020 ; Abd Elzaher et al, 2023 ). The Japanese quail is a common laboratory bird for genetic studies because of its small size, ability to resist pathogens, rapid development, ease of handling, and short generation time ( Alagawany et al, 2017 ; Hamad and Kareem, 2019 ).…”