Consequences of Antifouling Systems – An Environmental Perspective

Hallers-Tjabbes, Cato C. ten; Walmsley, Simon

doi:10.1002/9781444315462.ch17

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…14 It appears that development of imposex is a highly specific response to organotin(IV) compounds and it occurs in intertidal gastropods in relationship to intense traffic and marinas. 15 Imposex caused by tributyltin (TBT) results in a decline of reproduction potential and the eventual disappearance of populations. 16,17 In the hermaphroditic Ascidia malaca (Ascidiacea: Tunicata), gametes are released into the seawater, where fertilization occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tributyltin(IV) chloride on the gametes and fertilization of Ascidia malaca (Ascidiacea: Tunicata)

Villa

Agati

Mansueto

et al. 2003

Applied Organom Chemis

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Ascidia malaca gametes before fertilization incubated in 10 À5 or 10 À7 M solutions of tributyltin(IV) chloride, TBTCl, for 3 h appear highly damaged under transmission electron microscopy observation. Also, the fertilization process is affected by the compound: the damaged spermatozoa are present in the vitelline coat and the egg does not cleave. An increase of microbodies, structurally similar to peroxisomes, have been detected in the egg peripheral cytoplasm, probably in relation to their role in alleviating damage to some cellular components. The results have shown that the reproduction of ascidians under unfavourable environmental conditions is prevented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of tributyltin(IV) chloride on the gametes and fertilization of Ascidia malaca (Ascidiacea: Tunicata)

Villa

Agati

Mansueto

et al. 2003

Applied Organom Chemis

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“…Female dogwhelks develop a penis and vas deferens; 6,7 the extent of development of these male sexual characteristics (imposex) is dependent upon exposure to TBT. 8 A number of gastropods show related responses, [9][10][11][12][13] but the dogwhelk appears to be the most sensitive, developing the imposex characteristics in three months when exposed to TBT concentrations of only 2 ng l À1 , 14 The specificity of the response to TBT, and the high sensitivity of Nucella, together with its wide geographical distribution, the biology of the species, and its robustness in handling, all combine to make the dogwhelk an appropriate bioindicator of TBT pollution along the North Sea coast. Since the phenomenon of imposex does not regress, any improvement in the imposex condition of dogwhelks resulting from the legislative controls restricting the use of TBT will first be seen in the juveniles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of imposex in dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus) from North Sea coasts

Harding

Davies

Bailey

et al. 1999

Applied Organom Chemis

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Following a North Sea Task Force (NSTF) initiative in 1991, and funding from the Department of Environment (DOE), The Scottish Office Agriculture, Environment and Fisheries Department Marine Laboratory (SOAEFD), Aberdeen, was awarded a contract to assess the impact of tributyltin compounds in dogwhelks in all North Sea coastal waters. These waters were surveyed in 1991 and 1992 to evaluate the distribution and effects of tributylin (TBT) compounds on the common dogwhelk, Nucella lapillus. Wild and, where necessary, transplanted dogwhelks were analysed for imposex. Historical records indicate that Nucella lapillus was once present, on suitable substrates, around the whole of the North Sea coastline. Wild dogwhelks could be collected in all countries except Belgium and Germany, where the species is present only on Helgoländ (in numbers too small to be sampled). All wild populations of dogwhelks showed imposex. Near sites of intense boating activity, all populations examined contained some sterile females. At all sites where transplants were recovered, the dogwhelks were affected by TBT. Prolonged survival of dogwhelks at any of these sites would not be expected, except perhaps at Tørsminde in Denmark. All sites studied were categorized with reference to their potential for the maintenance of self‐sustaining Nucella populations. All sites in the southern part of the North Sea (i.e. the coastlines of Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany and southern Denmark) were placed in Category C (reduced egg capsule production) or D (adult females expected to be sterile). In Norway, sites near large harbours had only sterile females in the population (Category D), whilst those further from harbours probably had reduced egg capsule production (Category C). In Sweden, all wild sites were affected but probably had no reduction in egg capsule production (Category B). In France and the UK, sites near large harbours or areas of small‐boat activity probably had reduced egg capsule production (Category C). Sites further from sources of TBT contamination probably do not have reduced egg capsule production ( Category B). One site on the north east coast of Scotland shows effects consistent with an area distant from a source of TBT pollution (Category A). Copyright © 1999 Crown Copyright

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“…The most widely used and highly effective preventative treatment has been the application of tributyltin (TBT) on marine surfaces which effectively prevented the settlement and growth of propagules and larvae of marine plants and animals. However, the environmental consequences of what, in chemical terms, was a very elegant solution were disastrous, and the use of TBT is now banned worldwide by the International Maritime Organisation (Cheyne 2010;ten Haller-Tjabbes & Walmsley 2010). Subsequent technologies such as the use of copper-based coatings, while more benign, lack the longer term efficacy of TBT and, in response, there has been a strong interest in developing effective and sustainable antifouling technologies.…”

Section: Marine Biofoulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology and bioprospecting

Beattie¹,

Hay

Magnusson

et al. 2010

Austral Ecology

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Bioprospecting is the exploration of biodiversity for new resources of social and commercial value. It is carried out by a wide range of established industries such as pharmaceuticals, manufacturing and agriculture as well as a wide range of comparatively new ones such as aquaculture, bioremediation, biomining, biomimetic engineering and nanotechnology. The benefits of bioprospecting have emerged from such a wide range of organisms and environments worldwide that it is not possible to predict what species or habitats will be critical to society, or industry, in the future. The benefits include an unexpected variety of products that include chemicals, genes, metabolic pathways, structures, materials and behaviours. These may provide physical blueprints or inspiration for new designs. Criticism aimed at bioprospecting has been addressed, in part, by international treaties and legal agreements aimed at stopping biopiracy and many activities are now funded by agencies that require capacity-building and economic benefits in host countries. Thus, much contemporary bioprospecting has multiple goals, including the conservation of biodiversity, the sustainable management of natural resources and economic development. Ecologists are involved in three vital ways: first, applying ecological principles to the discovery of new resources. In this context, natural history becomes a vast economic database. Second, carrying out field studies, most of them demographic, to help regulate the harvest of wild species. Third, emphasizing the profound importance of millions of mostly microscopic species to the global economy.

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Consequences of Antifouling Systems – An Environmental Perspective

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Effects of tributyltin(IV) chloride on the gametes and fertilization of Ascidia malaca (Ascidiacea: Tunicata)

Effects of tributyltin(IV) chloride on the gametes and fertilization of Ascidia malaca (Ascidiacea: Tunicata)

Survey of imposex in dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus) from North Sea coasts

Ecology and bioprospecting

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