Consequences of adiponectin deficiency: Can they be related to the pathophysiology of laminitis?

A review of cellular and molecular mechanisms in endocrinopathic, sepsis‐related and supporting limb equine laminitis

“…Time-dependent Cox's covariate models were constructed using different categories of data and then combined. and had a cumulative 4-year risk of developing laminitis of 6 [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and 7 [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]% respectively. The high-risk category represented 10% of the population for basal insulin (>45.2 μiU/ml) and adiponectin (<4.2 μg/mL) and had a cumulative 4-year risk of developing laminitis of 69 and 57 % respectively.…”

“…In other species, adiponectin has been the focus of significant research into the adverse health consequences of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Here the pathophysiological consequences of low circulating adiponectin (in addition to its effects on tissue insulin sensitivity) are being unravelled and the benefits of interventions which boost plasma adiponectin or directly activate its main intracellular signalling pathway (AMP‐kinase) are beginning to become evident 3 …”

“…Understanding which of these mechanisms is of relevance to structure and function of the lamellae is key to future progress in laminitis research. 3 The focus on ID as the underlying predisposing factor for equine laminitis recognises the fact that EL occurs most often clinically and reflects the paradigm shift in laminitis research this discovery has caused. Furthermore, laminitis can be induced by infusion of insulin and glucose or glucose alone (sub-clinical laminitis in this case), the latter probably resulting from the hyperinsulinaemia generated.…”

“…Because of the human health impact of ID and type 2 diabetes there is now a wealth of experimental animal research into the detrimental effects of hyperinsulinaemia (direct or indirect) and the mechanisms by which these predispose to poor health outcomes. Understanding which of these mechanisms is of relevance to structure and function of the lamellae is key to future progress in laminitis research 3 …”

“…Nevertheless, low plasma adiponectin concentrations have effects on risk of laminitis which are independent of insulin regulation so explaining additional variability in laminitis risk not explained by insulin dysregulation.In other species, adiponectin has been the focus of significant research into the adverse health consequences of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Here the pathophysiological consequences of low circulating adiponectin (in addition to its effects on tissue insulin sensitivity) are being unravelled and the benefits of interventions which boost plasma adiponectin or directly activate its main intracellular signalling pathway (AMP-kinase) are beginning to become evident 3. 8 | CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, much progress has been made in laminitis research over the past 15-20 years.…”