Consensus statement for stability assessment and reporting for perovskite photovoltaics based on ISOS procedures

Abstract

Improving the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells is critical to the deployment of this technology. Despite the great emphasis laid on stability-related investigations, publications lack consistency in experimental procedures and parameters reported. It is therefore challenging to reproduce and compare results and thereby develop a deep understanding of degradation mechanisms. Here, we report a consensus between researchers in the field on procedures for testing perovskite solar cell stability, which are based on the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability (ISOS) protocols. We propose additional procedures to account for properties specific to PSCs such as ion redistribution under electric fields, reversible degradation and to distinguish ambient-induced degradation from other stress factors. These protocols are not intended as a replacement of the existing qualification standards, but rather they aim to unify the stability assessment and to understand failure modes. Finally, we identify key procedural information which we suggest reporting in publications to improve reproducibility and enable large data set analysis.

Multi-component engineering to enable long-term operational stability of perovskite solar cells

“…Equally important is the engineering of PSCs considering an economic perspective. Expensive transporting materials, such as PTAA and [6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), may not be favourable for large-scale production. Because the ultimate aim is to achieve a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) value comparable with other energy resources for future commercialization, low cost, high efficiency and long-term stability should be considered comprehensively [71].…”

“…damp-heat test (85% RH and 85 • C for 1000 h), UV preconditioning test and thermal cycling test (− 40 • C to 85 • C, 200 cycles); however, as PSC technology is still in its early stage of development, it is not ready yet for standardization. For this reason, the international photovoltaic research community has proposed and developed reliability protocols useful to validate and to compare the PSC device lifetime among different laboratories [4][5][6]. Among them, the ISOS protocols [7], which were recently updated for PSC reliability tests [6], include different stress levels that increase in intricacy comprising from basic lab-scale research to industry device testing.…”

“…For this reason, the international photovoltaic research community has proposed and developed reliability protocols useful to validate and to compare the PSC device lifetime among different laboratories [4][5][6]. Among them, the ISOS protocols [7], which were recently updated for PSC reliability tests [6], include different stress levels that increase in intricacy comprising from basic lab-scale research to industry device testing. We have observed that the most applied stability tests published for PSCs relate to less stressful conditions, e.g.…”

Nitrobenzene as Additive to Improve Reproducibility and Degradation Resistance of Highly Efficient Methylammonium-Free Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Nevertheless, the short lifetime and low reproducibility are major obstacles that prevent the commercialization of hybrid perovskite technology. Various degradation protocols are applied to predict the long lifetime of the devices such as continues illumination, heat, humidity and so on [2,3]. Regarding the humidity resistance, the strategies that have been developed to improve the performance include the better encapsulation, application of hydrophobic back contact buffer layers, post treatment of perovskite with functional molecules, use of additive in the perovskite solution, and so on [4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Ferroelectricity and stability measurements in perovskite solar cells

“…Recently, a consensus protocol of the International Summit on Organic and Hybrid Photovoltaics Stability (ISOS-11) was published, describing informal recommendations on collecting stability data of perovskite solar cells [24], including accelerated solar cell ageing at elevated temperatures, thermal cycling and outdoor testing. While these protocols are important to enable comparison of data collected in different labs, they do neither account for the particularities of the perovskite layers that may be of ferroelectric nature depending on their compounds, nor do the protocols consider effects originating from the phase transition at T C which may be crossed during accelerating aging at elevated temperatures.…”