Consensus nested PCR amplification and sequencing of diverse reptilian, avian, and mammalian orthoreoviruses

Wellehan, James F.X.; Childress, April L.; Marschang, Rachel E.; Johnson, April J.; Lamirande, Elaine W.; Roberts, John F.; Vickers, Mary L.; Gaskin, Jack M.; Jacobson, Elliott R.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.06.011

Cited by 69 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Phylogenetic analysis of all 12 genes revealed that Pycno-1 is located in a cluster with ARV and NBV, suggesting their common evolutionary history. ARV and NBV have already been shown to form a clade (Duncan, 1999;Wellehan et al, 2009). SSRV from a Steller sea lion appears to be an additional member of this clade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Phylogenetic analysis indicated that MRVs represent a major divergent clade, and that ARVs and NBVs form another clade (Duncan, 1999;Wellehan et al, 2009). This clade includes newly isolated strains: PsRV Ge01 from a psittacine bird in Germany (de Kloet, 2008), SSRV from a Steller sea lion in Canada (Palacios et al, 2011) and Tvärminne avian virus (TVAV) from a crow in Finland (Dandár et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation and genomic characterization of a novel orthoreovirus from a brown-eared bulbul (Hypsipetes amaurotis) in Japan

Ogasawara

Kikuchi

Kirisawa

2015

Journal of General Virology

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Five species, Mammalian orthoreovirus, Avian orthoreovirus (ARV), Nelson Bay orthoreovirus (NBV), Baboon orthoreovirus and Reptilian orthoreovirus, have been identified in the genus Orthoreovirus. Their genomes each consist of 10 dsRNA segments. A novel orthoreovirus was isolated from the haemorrhagic intestine of a dead brown-eared bulbul (Hypsipetes amaurotis) in Japan. The virus formed syncytia in Caco-2 and Vero cells. Electron microscopy revealed nonenveloped capsids of~70 nm diameter, which were characteristic of reoviruses. Complete genomic sequences were determined. The S1 segment was tricistronic and encoded three proteins, p10, p17 and sC, as in the two species ARV and NBV. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that the virus was similar to ARV and NBV, but was located on a phylogenetic branch different from that of ARV and NBV. The virus had the closest phylogenetic relationship to two reovirus strains: SSRV from a Steller sea lion in Canada and PsRV Ge01 from a psittaciform bird in Europe. The 10 RNA segments had a 39 pentanucleotide sequence (UCAUC-39) conserved amongst all members of the genus Orthoreovirus, and a unique 59 terminal heptasequence (59-GCUUUUC) that was the same as those of SSRV and PsRV Ge01. These results suggested that the novel virus might form a new species with the two strains in the genus Orthoreovirus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and genomic characterization of a novel orthoreovirus from a brown-eared bulbul (Hypsipetes amaurotis) in Japan

Ogasawara

Kikuchi

Kirisawa

2015

Journal of General Virology

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“…30 However, the support in the prior analysis for this branching order was not strong (as defined by a Bayesian posterior probability .90 and ML bootstrap value .70). Despite the shorter sequence length, the analysis produced by the current study finds that the addition of the rough green snake reovirus results in strong support for clustering of the Nelson Bay/African grey parrot clade with the reptile reovirus clade after divergence of the Mammal Orthoreovirus/Ndelle clade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…All previously characterized reptile reoviruses have been cultured prior to molecular characterization. 30 Clinically, disease presents as pneumonia and/or neurologic dysfunction. Though clinical presentation may be suggestive, definitive diagnosis is challenging due to similarities in clinical and pathologic findings between reovirus and other reptilian viral infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthoreovirus Infection and Concurrent Cryptosporidiosis in Rough Green Snakes (Opheodrys Aestivus): Pathology and Identification of a Novel Orthoreovirus Strain via Polymerase Chain Reaction and Sequencing

Landolfi

Terio

Kinsel³

et al. 2010

J VET Diagn Invest

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Abstract. Reoviruses are nonenveloped, segmented, double-stranded RNA viruses capable of infecting a wide range of invertebrate, vertebrate, fungus, and plant hosts. Though sporadic infection has been reported in a variety of reptilian species, infection of rough green snakes (Opheodrys aestivus) has not been previously described. Five wild-caught, adult rough green snakes were obtained by a zoological institution. Clinical deterioration was first noted in all snakes after 3 weeks in quarantine. Despite treatment, clinical decline progressed, and all 5 snakes died or were euthanized by 48 days post-arrival. Moderate, multifocal, acute, necrotizing hepatitis with hepatocellular syncytia was diagnosed in 1 snake. Two additional snakes had severe, diffuse, subacute to chronic pancreatitis. All 5 snakes had gastroenteric cryptosporidiosis. Electron microscopic examination of liver from the snake with hepatic lesions revealed scattered hepatocytes containing 1 or more intranuclear clusters of approximately 90 nm in diameter viral particles arranged in loose arrays. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a segment of the reovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene was performed on RNA extracted from tissues of all 5 snakes. PCR amplification of samples extracted from the snake with hepatic lesions resulted in a 109-base pair (bp) product. Phylogenetic analyses indicated the virus was a novel strain distinct from other reoviruses at a level consistent with species difference. The source of infection was unknown. PCR amplification of samples extracted from the other 4 snakes was negative.

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“…Primers and protocols for the broad detection of herpesviruses, paramyxoviruses, and reoviruses were used as previously described (Vandevanter et al 1996, Nollens et al 2007, Wellehan et al 2009). …”

Section: Animals and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of a respiratory coronavirus from tissues archived during a pneumonia epizootic in free-ranging Pacific harbor seals Phoca vitulina richardsii

Nollens¹,

Wellehan²,

Archer³

et al. 2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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In June 2000, 21 adult harbor seals Phoca vitulina richardsii were found dead along a localized section of the central California coast. Necropsy of 5 fresh carcasses revealed pulmonary congestion, consolidation, and hemorrhage. Histopathological changes in lungs from 2 of these seals included a necrotizing lymphocytic and histocytic lobar pneumonia with intra-lesional bacteria. A coronavirus (CoV) was detected in archived tissues from 1 of the 5 seals via a degenerate PCR for nidoviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and was subsequently confirmed via specific PCR. Based on the partial RdRp sequence, the CoV was identified as a novel, divergent member of the CoV group 1a. The virus is tentatively named harbor seal coronavirus (HSCoV). The clinical significance of HSCoV and its involvement in the etiology of the epizootic pneumonia and deaths of the harbor seals is uncertain. KEY WORDS: Harbor seal · Phoca vitulina richardsii · Coronavirus · Pneumonia Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 90: [113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120] 2010 crochiropteran bat hosts; and Group 2d, from megachiropteran bat hosts (Woo et al. 2007). It has been proposed that Group 3 be divided as follows: Groups 3a, from avian hosts; Group 3b, which contains a coronavirus from a beluga whale Delphinapterus leucas, the only coronavirus identified in a marine mammal to date; and Group 3c, which contains viruses from diverse avian hosts as well as one from an Asian leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis that may represent recent host switching (Woo et al. 2009).In late May and early June 2000, 21 adult harbor seals Phoca vitulina richardsii were found dead along a localized 10 mile (16 km) section of the central California coast at Point Reyes National Seashore. Upon postmortem examination of 5 relatively fresh carcasses, all seals had grossly abnormal lungs, and histological examination of 3 cases revealed severe pneumonia. A similar event with similar gross necropsy findings had occurred in 1997, when approximately 90 seals were found dead in the same area, but no conclusive etiology for the event was identified. In both events, a viral infection with secondary bacterial pneumonia was suspected. CoVs are recognized causes of enteric and respiratory infections that are often fatal in young animals. Here we report on the identification of a novel respiratory coronavirus from one of these harbor seals. This novel coronavirus of wildlife is a novel member of Group 1a and is distinct from, but most closely related to the CoVs of ferrets, cats, dogs, and swine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals and samples.On 26 May 2000, a harbor seal (HS D62) was found dead at McClure's Beach, Point Reyes National Seashore, in central California, and a field necropsy was conducted. Tonsil, stomach, cerebellum, brain stem, and lymph node were collected in 10% formalin for histological analysis. An additional 4 adult harbor seals were found dead on 6 June 2000. Two harbor seals, designated as H...

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Consensus nested PCR amplification and sequencing of diverse reptilian, avian, and mammalian orthoreoviruses

Cited by 69 publications

References 39 publications

Isolation and genomic characterization of a novel orthoreovirus from a brown-eared bulbul (Hypsipetes amaurotis) in Japan

Isolation and genomic characterization of a novel orthoreovirus from a brown-eared bulbul (Hypsipetes amaurotis) in Japan

Orthoreovirus Infection and Concurrent Cryptosporidiosis in Rough Green Snakes (Opheodrys Aestivus): Pathology and Identification of a Novel Orthoreovirus Strain via Polymerase Chain Reaction and Sequencing

Detection of a respiratory coronavirus from tissues archived during a pneumonia epizootic in free-ranging Pacific harbor seals Phoca vitulina richardsii

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