“…First, existing research on MASs mostly focuses on first-order and second-order systems (Zhang et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2018;Li et al, 2018;Duan et al, 2020;Zou et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020;Yao et al, 2020;Fu et al, 2020). However, in engineering practice, single-link flexible-joint manipulators (Zhang, 2008;Ling et al, 2019), robot formation cooperation (Miao et al, 2018;Zong et al, 2019), and synchronous generator coordination (Fathi et al, 2018;Abdelrahem et al, 2018;Nian and Jiao, 2020) are based on high-order dynamic modeling.…”