Consensus Approach for Standardizing the Screening and Classification of Preterm Brain Injury Diagnosed With Cranial Ultrasound: A Canadian Perspective

Mohammad, Khorshid; Scott, James N.; Leijser, Lara M.; Zein, Hussein; Afifi, Jehier; Piedboeuf, Bruno; Vries, Linda S. de; Wezel‐Meijler, Gerda van; Lee, Shoo K.; Shah, Prakesh S.

doi:10.3389/fped.2021.618236

Cited by 34 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, crUS is less performant in detecting cortical or gyral abnormalities, delayed myelinization, and white matter injury [3,6,7]. Secondly, whether cerebral lesions or abnormalities are picked up by crUS is dependent on the expertise and experience of the investigator [3,9]. This is also reflected in our population where we see that in some children crUS was described as normal in cases where MRI revealed mild ventriculomegaly or cysts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Cranial ultrasound and MRI: complementary or not in the diagnostic assessment of children with congenital CMV infection?

et al. 2021

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Whether or not cranial ultrasound (crUS) and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have both a place in the assessment of children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) remains a topic of discussion between research groups. Literature suggests that MRI is indicated only in children with abnormal crUS. In Flanders, Belgium, combined crUS and MRI was performed on 639 children with cCMV, referred for diagnostic assessment. Cranial US was classified as abnormal in the presence of striatal vasculopathy, calcifications, cysts, cystic germinolysis, and/or ventriculomegaly. MRI findings were classified as abnormal in the presence of gyration disorders, cerebellar abnormalities, ventriculomegaly, cysts, or pathologic white matter lesions. One in five children (93/480) with normal crUS showed abnormal findings on MRI. Of them, 85 (91.4%) were classified as symptomatic. In 37 of those 93 children (39.8%), classification as severely symptomatic was made based on MRI lesions alone. MRI and crUS proved to be complementary in the assessment of CNS involvement in children with cCMV. Long-term studies are needed to evaluate the importance of this finding with respect to outcome and benefit of therapy in this particular subgroup of patients with cCMV infection.Conclusion: Our findings support an enhanced role of MRI in the diagnosis of CNS involvement in children with cCMV infection. The ideal assessment should include both imaging techniques, as the strengths of each test compensate for the other's weaknesses. What is Known:• Congenital CMV infection involves the central nervous system with direct injury to and possible disruption of brain development.• Experts suggest that MRI is indicated only in children with abnormal crUS. What is New:• In almost 20% of our children with a normal cranial ultrasound, abnormalities were detected on MRI.• Our results suggest that performing both MRI and cranial US is important to obtain a complete assessment of central nervous system involvement in children with cCMV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…As for magnetic resonance imaging, it is widely known that it offers greater sensitivity and specificity and enhanced lesion characterization, without the use of ionized radiation (in contrast to CT) [9]. MRI is superior to crUS in revealing cortical abnormalities, gyral disorders, cerebellar hypoplasia, and white matter injury [3,6,10,11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cranial ultrasound and MRI: complementary or not in the diagnostic assessment of children with congenital CMV infection?

et al. 2021

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“…Destruction of the brain parenchyma after periventricular venous hemorrhagic infarction (the most severe form of intraventricular hemorrhage) may result in porencephalic lesions, irregular ventricular contours, and focal dilatation of the affected ventricular region. On the other hand, posthemorrhagic persistent ventricular dilatation and widened subarachnoid spaces may reflect white matter volume loss [ 134 ].…”

Section: Ventriculomegalymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal Brain Development: Regulating Processes and Related Malformations

Leibovitz

Lerman‐Sagie

Haddad

2022

Life

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This paper describes the contemporary state of knowledge regarding processes that regulate normal development of the embryonic–fetal central nervous system (CNS). The processes are described according to the developmental timetable: dorsal induction, ventral induction, neurogenesis, neuronal migration, post-migration neuronal development, and cortical organization. We review the current literature on CNS malformations associated with these regulating processes. We specifically address neural tube defects, holoprosencephaly, malformations of cortical development (including microcephaly, megalencephaly, lissencephaly, cobblestone malformations, gray matter heterotopia, and polymicrogyria), disorders of the corpus callosum, and posterior fossa malformations. Fetal ventriculomegaly, which frequently accompanies these disorders, is also reviewed. Each malformation is described with reference to the etiology, genetic causes, prenatal sonographic imaging, associated anomalies, differential diagnosis, complimentary diagnostic studies, clinical interventions, neurodevelopmental outcome, and life quality.

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“…c Because several of the children were members of multiples and one was a sibling pair, a total of 39 families with VPT children and 36 with FT children participated in the study. d Grade III IVH is defined as hemorrhage with ventricular dilation and PVHI as hemorrhagic infarction in the periventricular region [34,35]. e PVL describes white matter injury.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

School Readiness in 4-Year-Old Very Preterm Children

et al. 2022

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The aims of this study were to identify the aspects of school readiness that best distinguish very preterm (VPT) preschoolers from full-term (FT) controls, determine the extent to which readiness problems in the VPT group reflected global cognitive weaknesses or more specific deficits, and identify distinct profiles of readiness problems. Fifty-three VPT (gestational age ≤ 30 weeks) 4-year-olds were compared to 38 FT (gestational age ≥ 37 weeks) controls on measures of global cognitive ability, executive function, motor skills, early literacy and numeracy, and psychosocial functioning. Latent class analysis (LCA) was also conducted to identify individual readiness profiles. The VPT group had the most pronounced difficulties on tests of spatial and nonverbal cognitive abilities, executive function, motor skills, phonological processing, and numeracy. The VPT group also had sex-related difficulties in processing speed, social functioning, and emotion regulation. These differences were evident in analyses of both continuous scores and rates of deficits. The VPT group’s difficulties in motor skills, and VPT females’ difficulties in social functioning and emotion regulation, were evident even when controlling for global cognitive ability. LCA suggested four profiles of readiness, with the majority of the VPT group assigned to profiles characterized by relative weaknesses in either cognitive abilities or psychosocial functioning or by more global readiness problems. The findings support the need to evaluate multiple aspects of school readiness in VPT preschoolers and inform efforts to design more targeted early educational interventions.

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Consensus Approach for Standardizing the Screening and Classification of Preterm Brain Injury Diagnosed With Cranial Ultrasound: A Canadian Perspective

Cited by 34 publications

References 53 publications

Cranial ultrasound and MRI: complementary or not in the diagnostic assessment of children with congenital CMV infection?

Cranial ultrasound and MRI: complementary or not in the diagnostic assessment of children with congenital CMV infection?

Fetal Brain Development: Regulating Processes and Related Malformations

School Readiness in 4-Year-Old Very Preterm Children

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