Consensual partnering in the more developed countries

Meanings and attitudes attached to cohabitation in Poland

“…The need to approach such choice via qualitative research has been acknowledged by demographers (e.g. Carmichael 1995), and stressed with emphasis on Poland, where so far it is a relatively unexplored field (Slany 2002).…”

“…The spread of non-marital unions has occurred at different pace across Europe (Carmichael 1995, Kiernan 2000, Nazio and Blossfeld 2003. In the Nordic countries, such as Sweden and Denmark, consensual unions are currently as common as marital unions.…”

Cohabitation among secular Jews in Israel: How ethnicity, education, and employment characteristics are related to young adults' living arrangements

“…A range of research from the United States, Europe, and Australia is generally supportive of this theoretical framework (Hoem 1986;Carmichael 1995;Kalmijn 2011;Oppenheimer 2003). For example, Oppenheimer (2003) finds that greater work stability decreases the odds of entering cohabitation rather than entering marriage among single non-cohabiting men in the United States.…”

“…In terms of educational attainment among men, Oppenheimer (2003) finds that college education, in comparison to a high school diploma, reduces the odds of entering cohabitation rather than entering marriage. Moreover, a range of evidence based on women and men in the United States, Europe, and Australia indicates that school enrollment was found to have either a positive effect or no effect on entering cohabitation rather than marriage (Hoem 1986;Carmichael 1995;Kalmijn 2011;Oppenheimer 2003). Lesthaeghe and Surkyn (1988) argue that in recent decades Western societies have undergone a major shift in values, moving toward secularism, individualism, and postmaterialism.…”

Does waiting pay off for couples?

“…Most surveys only provide information about the household formation date, which prior research has taken as the partnership starting point (Manning 2001;Raley 2001). However, it is not that simple: the time spent in a partnership is not to be equated with the time spent in a coresidential non-marital or marital union (Carmichael 1995).…”