Consciousness of subjective time in the brain

Nyberg, Lars; Kim, Alice S. N.; Habib, Reza; Levine, Brian; Tulving, Endel

doi:10.1073/pnas.1016823108

Cited by 141 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Other representations are internally generated; they are mental representations of objects and events that are not currently present. The internally generated representations are sophisticated forms that include mental travel [1] through virtual space and time. The most common form of internally generated representation occurs when our mind travels back in time into our past as is the case with episodic memory retrieval [2].…”

Section: Role Of Prior Experience In the Expression Of Internally Genmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common form of internally generated representation occurs when our mind travels back in time into our past as is the case with episodic memory retrieval [2]. Other types of internally generated representations are projections into the future and take the form of imagining [1,3,4]. Probably the most genuine form of internally generated representation occurs during sleep, particularly during dreaming, when the brain is virtually disconnected from the external world.…”

Section: Role Of Prior Experience In the Expression Of Internally Genmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Selection of preconfigured cell assemblies for representation of novel spatial experiences

Drăgoi

Tonegawa

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Internal representations about the external world can be driven by the external stimuli or can be internally generated in their absence. It has been a matter of debate whether novel stimuli from the external world are instructive over the brain network to create de novo representations or, alternatively, are selecting from existing pre-representations hosted in preconfigured brain networks. The hippocampus is a brain area necessary for normal internally generated spatial-temporal representations and its dysfunctions have resulted in anterograde amnesia, impaired imagining of new experiences, and hallucinations. The compressed temporal sequence of place cell activity in the rodent hippocampus serves as an animal model of internal representation of the external space. Based on our recent results on the phenomenon of novel place cell sequence preplay, we submit that the place cell sequence of a novel spatial experience is determined, in part, by a selection of a set of cellular firing sequences from a repertoire of existing temporal firing sequences in the hippocampal network. Conceptually, this indicates that novel stimuli from the external world select from their pre-representations rather than create de novo our internal representations of the world.

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Section: Role Of Prior Experience In the Expression Of Internally Genmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of Prior Experience In the Expression Of Internally Genmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of preconfigured cell assemblies for representation of novel spatial experiences

Drăgoi

Tonegawa

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Furthermore, some patients with hippocampal damage, in addition to showing impaired episodic memory, also have difficulty imagining detailed and coherent future events (9)(10)(11)(12). These findings suggest that the hippocampus is important for imagining the future, although its involvement is not a reflection of future orientation per se, but rather of the content and phenomenology of episodic simulations (4). Recently, however, an adult developmental amnesic patient (13), a group of developmental amnesic school-aged children (14), and a group of patients with bilateral hippocampal damage but spared remote episodic memory (15), were all shown to be unimpaired at imagining detailed future events, implying that a fully intact hippocampus may not be required for episodic simulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A role for the hippocampus in encoding simulations of future events

Martin

Schacter

Corballis

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

133

132

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The role of the hippocampus in imagining the future has been of considerable interest. Preferential right hippocampal engagement is observed for imagined future events relative to remembered past events, and patients with hippocampal damage are impaired when imagining detailed future events. However, some patients with hippocampal damage are not impaired at imagining, suggesting that there are conditions in which the hippocampus may not be necessary for episodic simulation. Given the known hippocampal role in memory encoding, the hippocampal activity associated with imagining may reflect the encoding of simulations rather than event construction per se. The present functional (f)MRI study investigated this possibility. Participants imagined future events in response to person, place, and object cues. A postscan cued-recall test probing memory for detail sets classified future events as either successfully encoded or not. A contrast of successfully versus unsuccessfully encoded events revealed anterior and posterior right hippocampal clusters. When imagined events were successfully encoded, both anterior and posterior hippocampus showed common functional connectivity to a network including parahippocampal gyrus, medial parietal and cingulate cortex, and medial prefrontal cortex. However, when encoding was unsuccessful, only the anterior hippocampus, and not the posterior, exhibited this pattern of connectivity. These findings demonstrate that right hippocampal activity observed during future simulation may reflect the encoding of the simulations into memory. This function is not essential for constructing coherent scenarios and may explain why some patients with hippocampal damage are still able to imagine the future.

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“…The right-sided preponderance of the identified structural brain changes is relevant, given data suggesting a right hemispheric bias for emotional processing (Schore, 2002), EAM (Fink et al, 1996;Markowitsch et al, 2000) and "high-order consciousness" (Keenan et al, 2005) (however, for different results, see Nyberg et al, 2010;Viard et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

1741 – Social cognition in a case of amnesia with neurodevelopmental mechanisms

Markowitsch

Borsutzky

Staniloiu

2013

European Psychiatry

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Episodic-autobiographical memory (EAM) is considered to emerge gradually in concert with the development of other cognitive abilities (such as executive functions, personal semantic knowledge, emotional knowledge, theory of mind (ToM) functions, language, and working memory). On the brain level its emergence is accompanied by structural and functional reorganization of different components of the so-called EAM network. This network includes the hippocampal formation, which is viewed as being vital for the acquisition of memories of personal events for long-term storage. Developmental studies have emphasized socio-cultural-linguistic mechanisms that may be unique to the development of EAM. Furthermore it was hypothesized that one of the main functions of EAM is the social one. In the research field, the link between EAM and social cognition remains however debated. Herein we aim to bring new insights into the relation between EAM and social information processing (including social cognition) by describing a young adult patient with amnesia with neurodevelopmental mechanisms due to perinatal complications accompanied by hypoxia. The patient was investigated medically, psychiatrically, and with neuropsychological and neuroimaging methods. Structural high resolution magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant bilateral hippocampal atrophy as well as indices for degeneration in the amygdalae, basal ganglia, and thalamus, when a less conservative threshold was applied. In addition to extensive memory investigations and testing other (non-social) cognitive functions, we employed a broad range of tests that assessed social information processing (social perception, social cognition, social regulation). Our results point to both preserved (empathy, core ToM functions, visual affect selection, and discrimination, affective prosody discrimination) and impaired domains of social information processing (incongruent affective prosody processing, complex social judgments). They support proposals for a role of the hippocampal formation in processing more complex social information that likely requires multimodal relational handling.

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Consciousness of subjective time in the brain

Cited by 141 publications

References 41 publications

Selection of preconfigured cell assemblies for representation of novel spatial experiences

Selection of preconfigured cell assemblies for representation of novel spatial experiences

A role for the hippocampus in encoding simulations of future events

1741 – Social cognition in a case of amnesia with neurodevelopmental mechanisms

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