Consciência política e ambiente: a desproteção de parques municipais em Americana (SP) e São Francisco de Paula (RS)

Abstract

The dynamic between the global and the local is inscribed in the localities, in which flows, information and commercial interests operate a set of transformations in the space, as well as in the identities and consciences of the social actors. The current challenges in safeguarding and protecting the environment are emerging in face of the accelerated process of destruction and exploitation of natural resources. In addition, due to the political, economic and social crisis context, a set of rights are put in check, among them, a healthy environment. Although the environmental issue has galvanized the universalization of its guidelines, it is sometimes dissolved in the pursuit of development, progress and in order to meet the needs of the market. The Gruta MunicipalNatural Park is an area of tension of the Atlantic forest and Cerrado biomes, with cracks, stratification of sandstone and seven falls of waters. The Ronda Municipal Natural Park is comprised of several ecosystems of the Atlantic Forest biome, having several waterfalls distributed in the valley bottom. Both Parks suffer from the garbage and rubble deposit; proliferation and creation of exotic species, irregular occupations, the discharge of natural sewage and absence of management. Thus, it is appropriate to investigate how different social actors have responded to socio-environmental conflicts resulting from the processes of anthropization of natural environments. The objective of the present study is to analyze the political awareness of social actors regarding the contexts of deprotection of municipal parks in Americana and São Francisco de Paula. For that, the theoreticalanalytical model used was based on theories of social movements, arranged in a framework with the dimensions of political consciousness. The data collection was done through research in primary sources and semi-structured interviews with 38 actors involved, using 26 interviews analyzed in the light of content analysis. Among the results, it was highlighted those related to the collective identity, antagonistic interests and opponents and action repertoires. Most interviewees stated their social identities, with little evidence of collective identities. The State and its discontinuities are the main antagonists. And each city develops different institutions of struggle and resistance, in which the repertoires are divided between institutionalized and informal. Thus, the representations of the parks denote important elements for memory and belonging, therefore, they fit into in the constitution of political consciousness.