Consanguinity and Its Effects on Fertility and Child Survival among Muslims of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir

Bhasin, M.K.; Nag, Shampa

doi:10.1080/09720073.2002.11890739

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Cases of chromosomal genetic disorders (such as Down Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, Patau Syndrome; Table 5), anemias, blood disorders (including Thalassemia), congenital anomalies, disorders of sex development, metabolic disorders like G6PD deficiency, neurological disorders (Table 6) and others are frequently reported in J&K (Razdan et al, 1994;Kumar et al, 2010;Upma et al, 2010;Vasudev and Sawhney, 2014;Ara et al, 2018;Dar et al, 2018;Hockham et al, 2018). The detrimental effects of consanguinity and inbreeding depression on child health and mortality, cognitive behavior and fertility and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in small population groups from J&K has also been reported (Bhasin and Nag, 2002b;Afzal, 2014a,b, 2016;. However, the J&K population has been largely under-represented in the surveys/screening studies conducted in context with disease incidence.…”

Section: Burden Of Genetic Diseases In Jandkmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Despite continuous global efforts, a very little attention has been paid to the most challenging health issue of RDs in India with special reference to region like J&K. J&K is located in the northern part of the Indian sub-continent in the vicinity of the Karakoram and westernmost Himalayan mountain ranges (outer hills, middle Himalayas, and inner Himalayas) (Bhasin and Nag, 2002b). The region is being bordered by countries such as Pakistan in the west, Afghanistan in the north-west and China in the north-east (Bhasin and Nag, 2002a).…”

Section: Jammu and Kashmir: A Model Population For Studying Rare Genementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These population groups usually reside in small, geographically and socially isolated pockets since many centuries and are variably reinforced by their societal or religious customs to practice endogamy or consanguinity. Endogamy is preferred by almost all the population groups of J&K, whereas the consanguinity is mostly preferred by the Muslim population groups (Bhasin and Nag, 2002b). A study from the Rajouri and Poonch areas of J&K has indicated that the rate of consanguinity is quite high among the native Muslim populations which account nearly 35-50% with nearly 70-80% of the inbreeding occurring among first cousins Afzal, 2014a, 2017).…”

Section: Population Architecture Of Jandkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: Understanding Rare Genetic Diseases in Low Resource Regions Like Jammu and Kashmir – India

et al. 2020

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Section: Burden Of Genetic Diseases In Jandkmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Jammu and Kashmir: A Model Population For Studying Rare Genementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Population Architecture Of Jandkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review: Understanding Rare Genetic Diseases in Low Resource Regions Like Jammu and Kashmir – India

et al. 2020

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“…[71][72][73] In general, higher total fertility rates have been reported in consanguineous marriages. 59,[61][62][63][64][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83] This could be explained partly by lower parental age at marriage, and partly by the age of the closely related couples at the birth of their first child 4,83 (Table 1). Furthermore, the time interval between the marriage and the first pregnancy is often longer in consanguineous unions, possibly due to gynecological immaturity in females who marry at a young age.…”

Section: Consanguinity and Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Consanguinity, Fertility and Reproductive Outcomes: An International Review

Jaber,

Nashif,

Diamond

2023

MRAJ

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Consanguineous marriages have been common throughout human history, and remain so even today in many parts of the world. Many Arab countries display some of the highest rates of consanguinity and, specifically, first cousin marriages which may encompass 25 to 30 percent of all marriages. The effects of inbreeding on reproductive outcome have been extensively studied. It used to be generally believed that inbreeding contributed to increased mortality and morbidity with detrimental effects on reproductive outcome; however, some studies have shown only a moderate to slight impact. The fertility of consanguineous couples and infant and childhood morbidity and mortality in their progeny have also been extensively studied and numerous studies have concluded that consanguinity is not associated with either a significant positive or negative effect on fertility. The majority of studies found that first cousin couples produce more children. In many cases the mean number of live births to women in consanguineous marriages has been reported as being higher than that in non-consanguineous unions, although several studies found that mean fertility rates may be lower in consanguineous couples. In general, higher total fertility rates have been reported in consanguineous marriages. Reports regarding the association of consanguinity and fetal wastage are conflicting, with some reporting that the total prenatal losses were essentially the same for consanguineous and non-consanguineous. Congenital malformations have long been established to be higher in consanguineous couples about the background rate (4.5% vs 1%). Due to the principle of the existence of a common ancestor. Consanguinity is most commonly associated with inborn errors of metabolism, most of which are autosomal recessive. Consanguinity also increases the incidence of multi-factorial disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, obesity and certain types of cancers, which may in turn affect reproductive outcomes. Pregnancy outcomes, such as increased pregnancy wastage and preterm labor have been reported with consanguineous marriages. The most significant effects on reproductive outcomes are mostly due to autosomal recessive inherited conditions and inborn errors in metabolism. In the future, with completion of the study of the whole human Genome and current advances in pre-implantation diagnosis and screening it may be possible to mitigate some of the adverse reproductive outcomes associated with consanguinity.

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“…Bhasin and Nag note the effects of bad homozygotes on a population's demographic and genetic structures. 26 Chakraborty and Chakravarti state that the effects of consanguineous marriages on the generation line occur with much higher likelihood; thus, consanguineous marriages have important effects on perinatal mortality and major malformation for the people belonging to the same line. 27 Consanguineous marriages have a marked impact on decreasing fertility and increased mortality rates among the offspring, further increasing the risk of congenital malformation, mental retardation incidence, and the observed frequency of neonatal and postnatal child mortality.…”

Section: Consanguineous Marriages and Genetic Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Consanguineous Marriages on Economic Development

Bildirici

Kökdener

Ersin

2010

Journal of Family History

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In this study, development experiences toward economic development are investigated to provide an alternative analysis of economic development, human capital, and genetic inheritance in the light of consanguineous marriages. The countries analyzed in the study are discussed in accordance with consanguineous marriage practices and classified by their per capita gross domestic product (GDP) growth. A broad range of countries are analyzed in the study. Arab countries that experienced high rates of growth in their gross national income during the twentieth century but failed to fulfill adequate development measures as reflected in the growth in national income, countries undergoing transition from tight government regulation to free market democracy, and African nations that have experienced complications in the process of development show important differences in the process of economic development. It is shown that the countries that have reached high average development within the context of per capita GDP have overcome problems integral to consanguineous marriage.

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Consanguinity and Its Effects on Fertility and Child Survival among Muslims of Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir

Cited by 8 publications

References 53 publications

Review: Understanding Rare Genetic Diseases in Low Resource Regions Like Jammu and Kashmir – India

Review: Understanding Rare Genetic Diseases in Low Resource Regions Like Jammu and Kashmir – India

Consanguinity, Fertility and Reproductive Outcomes: An International Review

An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Consanguineous Marriages on Economic Development

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