Conquest Unrequited: French Expeditionary Science in Mexico,1864-1867

Edison, Paul

doi:10.1215/00161071-26-3-459

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…La race latine du Mexique doit être régénérée sur le modèle politique que la France lui a imposé. Il est question de mélanger le discours pan-latin, d'indépendance nationale et économique afin de lier le destin du Mexique avec celui de la France59 . Finalement, l'élection de Maximilien de Habsbourg au trône impérial incarne l'union politique de toutes les factions politiques du Mexique puisqu'il possède les qualités et les vertus nécessaires pour diriger le pays60 .…”

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Les races latines au service de la grande pensée du règne de Napoléon ııı. L’expédition française au Mexique 1861-1867

Abud

2016

histoire

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La peur du déclin français sur la scène internationale et la montée en puissance des États-Unis sont des sujets d’inquiétude dans la France du XIXe siècle. À cet effet, de nombreux auteurs français font la promotion d’un projet d’union des races latines d’Europe. Le régime impérial de Napoléon III récupère cette idée pour l’intégrer dans son projet d’expédition au Mexique. Théorisée autour de la grande pensée du règne, la France se présente comme la seule puissance latine en mesure de défendre le Mexique du péril américain. Au-delà de la rhétorique, la grande pensée du règne projette une vision des relations internationales opposant la race latine à la race anglo-saxonne.The quick rise of the United States in the 19th century helped fuel France’s fear of decline on the international stage. To counter this situation, French authors proposed the political union of all the Latin races of Europe. The imperial regime of Napoleon III redesigned this project in order to integrate it in his Mexican venture. Promoting the “grande pensée du règne”, France presented itself as the only Latin power capable of defending Mexico from the United States. The “grande pensée du règne” sought to establish an international balance of power in America based on race rather than on nationality

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Les races latines au service de la grande pensée du règne de Napoléon ııı. L’expédition française au Mexique 1861-1867

Abud

2016

histoire

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“…In his Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain (1822: 471), Humboldt speculated that sulphur abounded within Popocatépetl, although he believed that no one had successfully climbed the mountain since the time of Conquest. Decades after Humboldt's two-year journey through New Spain (1803-04), Mexican and foreign travelers became the first to conduct scientific expeditions to the crater and confirm Humboldt's suspicions that the volcano indeed held immeasurable quantities of the sulphur.3 Although the French scientific expeditions of the 1860s are probably the best studied of their kind in nineteenth-century Mexico(Dunbar 1988, Edison 2003, Puyo 2010), many other European, Mexican, and United States travelers also engaged in early scientific expeditions. 4 Religious practice near the crater, for which there is archaeological and ethnographic evidence(Glockner 2000;Cook 2004), and snow/ice harvesting from glaciers near the crater (AGN, 1788, Archivo Histórico de la Hacienda, Leg.…”

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Sulphur Mining on Mexico’s Popocatépetl Volcano (1820–1920): Origins, Development, and Human-Environmental Challenges

LaFevor¹

2012

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This paper traces the origins and development of a little-known extractive industry in nineteenth-century Mexico: volcanic sulphur mining. Unpublished documents from Mexican archives, nineteenth-century travel literature, reports from early scientific expeditions, and historical newspapers provide the bulk of data. Documents show how both Mexican and United States interests -indigenous sulphur miners (azufreros) and venture capitalists -confronted the challenges of mining sulphur from the crater of Mexico's Popocatépetl volcano, at 5,426 meters (17,802 feet) elevation. ResumenEste artículo traza los orígenes y el desarrollo de una industria extractiva mexicana del siglo diecinueve poco conocida: la minería del azufre volcánico. Documentos de archivos mexicanos no publicados, la literatura de viajes del siglo diecinueve, los informes de expediciones científicas, y los periódicos históricos proveen la mayoría de los datos. Los documentos muestran como los intereses mexicanos y estadounidenses -los mineros indígenas de azufre (azufreros) y los capitalistas de riesgo-enfrentaron los retos de extraer el azufre del cráter del volcán Popocatépetl, a una altitud de 5,426 metros sobre el mar.

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Nature, Science and the Environment in Nineteenth-Century French Political Economy: The Case of Michel Chevalier (1805–1879)

Drolet¹

2017

Mod. Intell. Hist.

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This article explores the significant yet neglected topic of environmental awareness in nineteenth-century French political economy, and the French school of “industrialism” in particular. It focuses on the work of the one-time Saint-Simonian and political economist Michel Chevalier (1806–79) as an interesting example of an environmentally sensitive political economy of “industrialism.” The article reveals how Chevalier's political economy was informed by a sophisticated and environmentally conscious understanding of nature that came to mark scientific and engineering thinking in early nineteenth-century French academic circles. It shows how this understanding of nature was transmitted through publications and lectures of scientists and engineers within leading French academic institutions such as the Ecole polytechnique and the Ecole des mines. The article demonstrates that Chevalier's scientific and engineering education at these institutions shaped his understanding of nature and society as intimately interconnected and mutually impacting. The article then explores how his view of nature and society developed in a more decidedly Romantic direction during his time as a Saint-Simonian. The Romantic sensibility of this time was short-lived, but a keen environmental awareness dating back to Chevalier's student days remained a significant feature of his later reflections in political economy. It was this particular quality of Chevalier's political economy that set it apart both from the French liberal school of political economy, with its very low environmental awareness, and from the more fully ecological political economy of the kind advanced by his fellow Saint-Simonians Pierre Leroux and Jean Reynaud. Finally, the article shows what has not been widely appreciated: that an environmentally sensitive political economy, of which Chevalier's was a good example, was endorsed by a large body of nineteenth-century French scientific and administrative opinion.

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Conquest Unrequited: French Expeditionary Science in Mexico,1864-1867

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Les races latines au service de la grande pensée du règne de Napoléon ııı. L’expédition française au Mexique 1861-1867

Les races latines au service de la grande pensée du règne de Napoléon ııı. L’expédition française au Mexique 1861-1867

Sulphur Mining on Mexico’s Popocatépetl Volcano (1820–1920): Origins, Development, and Human-Environmental Challenges

Nature, Science and the Environment in Nineteenth-Century French Political Economy: The Case of Michel Chevalier (1805–1879)

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