Conquest and Pestilence in the Early Spanish Philippines

Newson, Linda A.

doi:10.1515/9780824861971

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, the phylogeographic assumption that females have greater geographic inertia may be violated in the study of chickens by the widespread use of eggs as a dependable protein source, and in some cases as a monetary unit. In both the Americas [43] and the Philippines [80] the use of eggs as tribute is well documented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Global Dispersal of Chickens in Prehistory Using Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Signatures

et al. 2012

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Data from morphology, linguistics, history, and archaeology have all been used to trace the dispersal of chickens from Asian domestication centers to their current global distribution. Each provides a unique perspective which can aid in the reconstruction of prehistory. This study expands on previous investigations by adding a temporal component from ancient DNA and, in some cases, direct dating of bones of individual chickens from a variety of sites in Europe, the Pacific, and the Americas. The results from the ancient DNA analyses of forty-eight archaeologically derived chicken bones provide support for archaeological hypotheses about the prehistoric human transport of chickens. Haplogroup E mtDNA signatures have been amplified from directly dated samples originating in Europe at 1000 B.P. and in the Pacific at 3000 B.P. indicating multiple prehistoric dispersals from a single Asian centre. These two dispersal pathways converged in the Americas where chickens were introduced both by Polynesians and later by Europeans. The results of this study also highlight the inappropriate application of the small stretch of D-loop, traditionally amplified for use in phylogenetic studies, to understanding discrete episodes of chicken translocation in the past. The results of this study lead to the proposal of four hypotheses which will require further scrutiny and rigorous future testing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Global Dispersal of Chickens in Prehistory Using Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Signatures

et al. 2012

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“…This was likely facilitated by the importance placed on chickens and eggs by the Spanish. In both the Americas (Caudill ) and the Philippines (Newson ), chickens and, in particular, their eggs were a well‐regarded tribute item, equivalent to a Spanish real in value.…”

Section: Evaluating the Contributions From Modern Dna Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polynesian chickens in the New World: a detailed application of a commensal approach

Storey¹,

Quiroz

Beavan

et al. 2013

Archaeology in Oceania

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In 2007, based on direct radiocarbon dates, we presented evidence that chickens were introduced to Chile before Europeans first made contact with the New World. The pre‐Columbian age of the chicken bones and their mtDNA affinities with one of two prehistoric Pacific chicken haplogroups (E) led us to conclude that Polynesia was the most likely origin for these pre‐Columbian chickens. Subsequently, the mtDNA and radiocarbon evidence provided has been applied to a range of studies and occasionally reinterpreted. This has revealed issues related to the brevity of the initial report in 2007. Here, we provide a full discussion of the evidence, including the relevant archaeological, historical and biological information necessary to provide the context for interpreting genetic analyses and understanding their implications for addressing archaeological questions. We include a comprehensive analysis of the isotope data within a geographical and temporally relevant dataset to verify the pre‐Columbian age of the El Arenal chickens. In addition, we provide longer DNA sequences obtained from some of the ancient Chilean chicken remains to address objections raised by critics and to demonstrate that longer sequences do not change the observed affinities of the mtDNA sequences, nor their interpretation. In this analysis, historical information is used to critically evaluate the results of phylogenetic analyses. This comprehensive approach demonstrates that the examination of modern chicken DNA sequences does not contribute to our understanding of the origins of Chile's earliest chickens. Interpretations based on poorly sourced and documented modern chicken populations, divorced from the archaeological and historical evidence, do not withstand scrutiny. Instead, this expanded account will confirm the pre‐Columbian age of the El Arenal remains and lend support to our original hypothesis that their appearance in South America is most likely due to Polynesian contact with the Americas in prehistory.

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“…For over a century, anthropologists and others have studied Lumad, Cordilleran, Moro, and other ‘non‐Christian’ areas as spaces free of meaningful colonial interference. The archival record for Mindanao itself is so sparse compared to more centralised regions of the archipelago that when historians of the Americas have delved into the Spanish colonisation of the Philippines they have routinely concluded that Mindanao was neither Christianised nor incorporated sufficiently into the colonial political and economic system to warrant scholarly attention (Phelan ; Newson ). The problem for anthropology, however, is that a more holistic examination of ethnographic, historical, and archaeological data shows that these pericolonial spaces have, in fact, been configured extensively by both colonialism and Catholicism (Paredes ; Acabado ).…”

Section: Constructing Colonialismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projecting order in the pericolonial Philippines: An anthropology of Catholicism beyond Catholics

Paredes

2017

Australian J of Anthropology

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In a majority Catholic country like the Philippines, it can be difficult to appreciate the true impact of Catholicism, beyond the obvious presence of Catholics. For the ‘unchristianised’ indigenous minorities in its peripheral upland regions, the role of the Catholic thought‐world in shaping who they are today is masked substantially by their cultural distinctiveness. Missionary‐dominated narratives in colonial historiography configure our understanding of the present, structuring our approach to anthropology in these peripheral spaces. This article argues that the diachronic component is necessary to make sense of how Catholicism has not only shaped the diversity of modern Philippine cultures, but also how it has configured cultural and political spaces so completely that, as anthropologists, we at times reproduce this thought‐world uncritically through our own ethnographies. A focus on the so‐called unchristianised Lumad ethnic minorities of Mindanao argues that it is essential to look beyond Catholics as obvious subjects when undertaking an anthropology of Catholicism.

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Conquest and Pestilence in the Early Spanish Philippines

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Investigating the Global Dispersal of Chickens in Prehistory Using Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Signatures

Investigating the Global Dispersal of Chickens in Prehistory Using Ancient Mitochondrial DNA Signatures

Polynesian chickens in the New World: a detailed application of a commensal approach

Projecting order in the pericolonial Philippines: An anthropology of Catholicism beyond Catholics

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