Connectors of smart design and smart systems

Abstract

Though they can be traced back to different roots, both smart design and smart systems have to do with the recent developments of artificial intelligence. There are two major questions related to them: (i) What way are smart design and smart systems enabled by artificial narrow, general, or super intelligence? and (ii) How can smart design be used in the realization of smart systems? and How can smart systems contribute to smart designing? A difficulty is that there are no exact definitions for these novel concepts in the literature. The endeavor to analyze the current situation and to answer the above questions stimulated an exploratory research whose first findings are summarized in this paper. Its first part elaborates on a plausible interpretation of the concept of smartness and provides an overview of the characteristics of smart design as a creative problem solving methodology supported by artificial intelligence. The second part exposes the paradigmatic features and system engineering issues of smart systems, which are equipped with application-specific synthetic system knowledge and reasoning mechanisms. The third part presents and elaborates on a conceptual model of AI-based couplings of smart design and smart systems. The couplings may manifest in various concrete forms in real life that are referred to as “connectors” in this paper. The principal types of connectors are exemplified and discussed. It has been found that smart design tends to manifest as a methodology of blue-printing smart systems and that smart systems will be intellectualized the enablers of implementation of smart design. Understanding the affordances of and creating proper connectors between smart design and smart systems need further explorative research.

The DHSmart model for smart product-service system (smart PSS): dynamic, data-driven, human-centred

“…The Smart attribute is often ambiguously employed as a catch-all term, merely denoting advanced technology and connectivity (Horváth, 2021;Negash et al, 2023;Porter and Heppelmann, 2014;Valencia et al, 2014). The absence of a structured and unified framework to define Smart in Smart PSS can be attributed to its fluid and multifaceted nature, which originates from three key factors.…”

“…In an effort to establish a comprehensive approach, Horváth (2021) identified characteristics of Smart value carriers, including personalisation, connectedness, situatedness, awareness, adaptiveness, and proactivity. Although Horváth (2021) suggests they are broadly applicable, this list overlooks essential attributes such as learnability and autonomy, which are critical in specific contexts like autonomous vehicles. Such an absence raises concerns about the work's relevance across diverse contexts.…”

“…Third, the Smart attribute has different levels of sophistication. These levels are usually attributed to the digitalisation capability (Horváth, 2021;Zheng et al, 2019). Zheng et al (2019) offer a taxonomy with five smartness levels-smart connectivity, smart analytics, digital twin, cognition, and autonomy-which aids in understanding the nuances of Smart attribute.…”

The epsilon-knowledge: an emerging complement of Machlup's types of disciplinary knowledge

“…The above scenario forecasts that, as system technologies evolve, the intellect of systems will also evolve through the progression of ARMs and M-SSK. Combined with advanced system resource management, the growing intellect will lead to selfawareness and self-adaptation capabilities (Horváth, 2021a). Systems equipped with these will be able to aggregate, produce, learn, transform, employ, and experience M-SSK over time, in addition to using the existing intellect in system-level problem-solving (Sumari and Ahmad, 2017).…”

Statistical Study of User Perception of Smart Homes during Vital Signal Monitoring with an Energy-Saving Algorithm

“…The creation of multiple systems that automate processes requires a centralized control, which saves resources, and constant monitoring, which allows us to obtain information on its functionality [ 1 ]. Currently, intelligent design applied to the home sector has become an interesting approach to endow such spaces with safety and functional technology [ 2 ]. For intelligent design, we refer to home automation that enables interactivity between the space and user.…”