Connectivity of the American Agricultural Landscape: Assessing the National Risk of Crop Pest and Disease Spread

Margosian, Margaret L.; Garrett, Karen A.; Hutchinson, J.M. Shawn

doi:10.1525/bio.2009.59.2.7

Cited by 152 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Human activities resulting in the alteration of natural ecosystems, agriculture intensification and spread, or increased connectivity among plant populations due to trade, as well as global climatic change, are considered to presently increase the risk of virus emergence (2,3,5,(40)(41)(42)(43). It is thus necessary to understand how multiple ecological, evolutionary and epidemiological factors contribute to plant viral disease emergence (2)(3)(4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Genetic Determinants of Pepino Mosaic Virus Emergence

Moreno‐Pérez

Pagán

Aragón-Caballero

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Virus emergence is a complex phenomenon, which generally involves spread to a new host from a wild host, followed by adaptation to the new host. Although viruses account for the largest fraction of emerging crop pathogens, knowledge about their emergence is incomplete. We address here the question of whether Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) emergence as a major tomato pathogen worldwide could have involved spread from wild to cultivated plant species and host adaptation. For this, we surveyed natural populations of wild tomatoes in southern Peru for PepMV infection. PepMV incidence, genetic variation, population structure, and accumulation in various hosts were analyzed. PepMV incidence in wild tomatoes was high, and a strain not yet reported in domestic tomato was characterized. This strain had a wide host range within the Solanaceae, multiplying efficiently in most assayed Solanum species and being adapted to wild tomato hosts. Conversely, PepMV isolates from tomato crops showed evidence of adaptation to domestic tomato, possibly traded against adaptation to wild tomatoes. Phylogenetic reconstructions indicated that the most probable ancestral sequence came from a wild Solanum species. A high incidence of PepMV in wild tomato relatives would favor virus spread to crops and its efficient multiplication in different Solanum species, including tomato, allowing its establishment as an epidemic pathogen. Later, adaptation to tomato, traded off against adaptation to other Solanum species, would isolate tomato populations from those in other hosts. IMPORTANCE Virus emergence is a complex phenomenon involving multiple ecological and genetic factors and is considered to involve three phases: virus encounter with the new host, virus adaptation to the new host, and changes in the epidemiological dynamics.We analyze here if this was the case in the recent emergence of Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) in tomato crops worldwide. We characterized a new strain of PepMV infecting wild tomato populations in Peru. Comparison of this strain with PepMV isolates from tomato crops, plus phylogenetic reconstructions, supports a scenario in which PepMV would have spread to crops from wild tomato relatives, followed by adaptation to the new host and eventually leading to population isolation. Our data, which derive from the analysis of field isolates rather than from experimental evolution approaches, significantly contribute to understanding of plant virus emergence, which is necessary for its anticipation and prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological and Genetic Determinants of Pepino Mosaic Virus Emergence

Moreno‐Pérez

Pagán

Aragón-Caballero

et al. 2014

J Virol

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“…This aim is complicated by concurrent objectives in biodiversity conservation. For instance, habitat fragmentation is often considered to affect in a negative way meta-populations of species of conservation interest, but could make dispersal of plant pathogens more difficult across the shifting distributional ranges of their old and new hosts (Margosian et al 2009), unless long-distance links are provided by plant trade ). This kind of trade-offs makes it important to involve economists in the formulation of plant health policy under uncertainty (Horan and Lupi 2010;Ndeffo Mbah et al 2010;Moore et al 2010;Bradford and D'Amato 2012).…”

Section: Interdisciplinarity Stakeholder Involvement and Trade-offsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

et al. 2012

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There has been a remarkable scientific output on the topic of how climate change is likely to affect plant diseases. This overview addresses the need for review of this burgeoning literature by summarizing opinions of previous reviews and trends in recent studies on the impacts of climate change on plant health. Sudden Oak Death is used as an introductory case study: Californian forests could become even more susceptible to this emerging plant disease, if spring precipitations will be accompanied by warmer temperatures, although climate shifts may also affect the current synchronicity between host cambium activity and pathogen colonization rate. A summary of observed and predicted climate changes, as well as of direct effects of climate change on pathosystems, is provided. Prediction and management of climate change effects on plant health are complicated by indirect effects and the interactions with global change drivers. Uncertainty in models of plant disease development under climate change calls for a diversity of management strategies, from more participatory approaches to interdisciplinary science. Involvement of stakeholders and scientists from outside plant pathology shows the importance of trade-offs, for example in the land-sharing vs. sparing debate. Further research is needed on climate change and plant health in mountain, boreal, Mediterranean and tropical regions, with multiple climate change factors and scenarios (including our responses to it, e.g. the assisted migration of plants), in relation to endophytes, viruses and mycorrhiza, using long-term and large-scale datasets and considering various plant disease control methods.Keywords Adaptive ecosystem management . Biotic interactions . Landscape pathology . Phytophthora ramorum . Plant disease epidemiology . Tree fungal pathogens Up to the 1990s, there was little information about climate change impacts on plant disease. For example, Eur J Plant Pathol

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“…For these species, the literature suggests that thoughtful consideration of connectivity requires us to move beyond cursory examinations of common landscape elements (i.e., patches, corridor habitats or land uses). In particular, the spatial distribution of host species may define the landscape structure for pathogens and pests at large spatial scales and, consequently, strongly influence movements across regions [30,31]. For example, landscape connectivity, partly due to how landscape structure affects host distribution, can affect the spread of pathogens [32] and pests, including the maritime pine bast scale (Matuscoccus feytaudi) [33] and white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) [34].…”

Section: Connectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and Indirect Interactions between Landscape Structure and Invasive or Overabundant Species

Rodewald

Arcese

2016

Curr Landscape Ecol Rep

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We reviewed recent literature to evaluate interactions between landscape structure (i.e., composition and configuration of landscapes) and overabundant and/or invasive species or Bundesirable^species. Undesirable species are strongly associated with fragmented landscapes, especially those with linearly arranged elements to facilitate dispersal, and with land uses that serve as population sources. In some cases, structural legacies, such as land use histories, were as important as current landscape patterns. Many undesirable species also influenced landscape structure by altering disturbance regimes via a wide range of abiotic and biotic mechanisms, including by affecting abundance of keystone, foundation or engineering species at landscape scales, and by changing species interactions in ways that prompted community-level changes. In some instances, the effects of species on landscapes facilitated invasion and/or population growth to establish positive feedback cycles. Understanding the reciprocal effects of landscape pattern on invasive and overabundant species can help guide effective management strategies by increasing the cost-efficiency of conservation investments and prioritizing conservation actions.

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Connectivity of the American Agricultural Landscape: Assessing the National Risk of Crop Pest and Disease Spread

Cited by 152 publications

References 41 publications

Ecological and Genetic Determinants of Pepino Mosaic Virus Emergence

Ecological and Genetic Determinants of Pepino Mosaic Virus Emergence

Impacts of climate change on plant diseases—opinions and trends

Direct and Indirect Interactions between Landscape Structure and Invasive or Overabundant Species

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