Connectivity differences in brain networks

Zalesky, Andrew; Cocchi, Luca; Fornito, Alex; Murray, Micah M.; Bullmore, Edward T.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.01.068

Cited by 230 publications

(218 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…It is now technically possible to construct similar connectomes in rodent models of disease where cortical connectopathies (39) are hypothesized, and it will be important to develop effective statistical methods for testing these hypotheses by comparing connectomes at the cellular (micrometer) and synaptic (nanometer) levels for a particular species-an approach already being applied successfully at the regional (millimeter) level for human imaging studies (40). It will be even more challenging to develop rigorous comparisons of connectomes between species, where the difficult problem of establishing homologies like those proposed here between rodent and human cortical regionalization (Fig.…”

Section: M2 M1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of the cerebral cortical association connectome underlying cognition

Bota

Sporns

Swanson

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

215

232

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Cognition presumably emerges from neural activity in the network of association connections between cortical regions that is modulated by inputs from sensory and state systems and directs voluntary behavior by outputs to the motor system. To reveal global architectural features of the cortical association connectome, network analysis was performed on >16,000 reports of histologically defined axonal connections between cortical regions in rat. The network analysis reveals an organization into four asymmetrically interconnected modules involving the entire cortex in a topographic and topologic core-shell arrangement. There is also a topographically continuous U-shaped band of cortical areas that are highly connected with each other as well as with the rest of the cortex extending through all four modules, with the temporal pole of this band (entorhinal area) having the most cortical association connections of all. These results provide a starting point for compiling a mammalian nervous system connectome that could ultimately reveal novel correlations between genome-wide association studies and connectome-wide association studies, leading to new insights into the cellular architecture supporting cognition.T he cerebral cortex is the core of the brain's cognitive system (1, 2). Emerging evidence suggests that misdirected and/or dysfunctional cortical connections established during neurodevelopment, or degenerative events later in life, are fundamental to cognitive alterations associated with brain disorders like Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, and schizophrenia (3). Presumably, an understanding of biological mechanisms underlying cognition and the control of voluntary behavior rests at least partly on the structure-function wiring diagram of the cortex. Design principles of this neural circuitry are based on a network of interactions between distributed nervous system regions, and on the underlying function of their constituent neuron populations, and individual neurons.Unfortunately, a global structure-function wiring diagram of the cortex has not yet been elaborated (4). A necessary, but not sufficient, prerequisite for establishing this basic plan is a comprehensive structural model of cortical connectivity (5-7). Such a "roadmap" could then be used as a database scaffolding for molecular, cellular, physiological, behavioral, and cognitive data and for modeling (8)-analogous to a Google Maps for the brain. The research strategy described here provides the starting point for such a model, as well as a framework, benchmark, and infrastructure for developing a global account of nervous system structural network organization as a whole.The conceptual framework underlying our strategy to analyze global nervous system connection architecture is twofold. First, because of considerable complexity-for example, human isocortex on one side has 6-9 billion neurons (9-11) interconnected by orders-of-magnitude-more synapses-three hierarchical (nested) levels analysis are considered (12, 13). A macroconnection be...

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Section: M2 M1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Architecture of the cerebral cortical association connectome underlying cognition

Bota

Sporns

Swanson

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

215

232

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The “real” observed data were compared to the null distribution to obtain a statistical significance. As the same original univariate threshold was applied to both surrogate and real data, protection against false positives due to multiple comparisons is provided at any threshold 49, 50. The results were visualized using BrainNet Viewer51 and we plotted significant connections at a threshold of P < 0.05.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced brain connectivity and mental flexibility in mild traumatic brain injury

Pang

Dunkley

Doesburg

et al. 2015

Ann Clin Transl Neurol

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ObjectiveA mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), or concussion, has known neuropsychological sequelae, and neuroimaging shows disturbed brain connectivity during the resting state. We hypothesized that task‐based functional connectivity measures, using magnetoencephalography (MEG), would better link the neurobiological underpinnings of cognitive deficits to specific brain damage.MethodsWe used a mental flexibility task in the MEG and compared brain connectivity between adults with and without mTBI.ResultsAffected individuals showed significant reductions in connectivity. When challenged with a more difficult task, these individuals were not able to “boost” their connectivity, and as such, showed deterioration in performance.InterpretationWe discuss these findings in the context of limitations in cognitive reserve as a consequence of a mTBI.

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“…A conservative test threshold of t = 3.3 (corresponding to P = 0.006) was chosen in order to focus on strong, focal subnetwork differences. 43 Results corresponding to a relatively liberal height threshold of t = 3.0 are provided in Supplementary Figure 3. This threshold, which is the default optimisation within NBS, identifies larger, more distributed subnetworks.…”

Section: Network-based Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

784. Structural Dysconnectivity of Key Cognitive and Emotional Hubs in Young People at High Genetic Risk for Bipolar Disorder

Mitchell

Breakspear

Roberts

et al. 2017

Biological Psychiatry

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Connectivity differences in brain networks

Cited by 230 publications

References 59 publications

Architecture of the cerebral cortical association connectome underlying cognition

Architecture of the cerebral cortical association connectome underlying cognition

Reduced brain connectivity and mental flexibility in mild traumatic brain injury

784. Structural Dysconnectivity of Key Cognitive and Emotional Hubs in Young People at High Genetic Risk for Bipolar Disorder

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