Connections of neurons in the region of the nucleus tractus solitarius with the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: Their possible involvement in neural control of the cardiovascular system in rats

Kannan, Hiroshi; Yamashita, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)90526-8

Cited by 128 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…glutamate; angiotensin II; sympathetic drive; cardiovascular THE PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS (PVN) of the hypothalamus is involved in the neural control of the cardiovascular system (10,23). Previous researchers from this laboratory (7,23,25) and others (4,5) have observed that the activity of PVN neurons associated with sympathoexcitation is due to an increase in glutamatergic mechanisms within the PVN.…”

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confidence: 99%

Median preoptic nucleus and subfornical organ drive renal sympathetic nerve activity via a glutamatergic mechanism within the paraventricular nucleus

Llewellyn

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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KP. Median preoptic nucleus and subfornical organ drive renal sympathetic nerve activity via a glutamatergic mechanism within the paraventricular nucleus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302: R424 -R432, 2012. First published December 7, 2011 doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00403.2011The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is involved in the neural control of sympathetic drive, but the precise mechanism(s) that influences the PVN is not known. The activation of the PVN may be influenced by input from higher forebrain areas, such as the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) and the subfornical organ (SFO). We hypothesized that activation of the MnPO or SFO would drive the PVN through a glutamatergic pathway. Neuroanatomical connections were confirmed by the recovery of a retrograde tracer in the MnPO and SFO that was injected bilaterally into the PVN in rats. Microinjection of 200 pmol of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or bicucullineinduced activation of the MnPO and increased renal sympathetic activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure, and heart rate in anesthetized rats. These responses were attenuated by prior microinjection of a glutamate receptor blocker AP5 (4 nmol) into the PVN (NMDA Ϫ ⌬RSNA 72 Ϯ 8% vs. 5 Ϯ 1%; P Ͻ 0.05). Using single-unit extracellular recording, we examined the effect of NMDA microinjection (200 pmol) into the MnPO on the firing activity of PVN neurons. Of the 11 active neurons in the PVN, 6 neurons were excited by 95 Ϯ 17% (P Ͻ 0.05), 1 was inhibited by 57%, and 4 did not respond. The increased RSNA after activation of the SFO by ANG II (1 nmol) or bicuculline (200 pmol) was also reduced by AP5 in the PVN (for ANG II Ϫ ⌬RSNA 46 Ϯ 7% vs. 17 Ϯ 4%; P Ͻ 0.05). Prior microinjection of ANG II type 1 receptor blocker losartan (4 nmol) into the PVN did not change the response to ANG II or bicuculline microinjection into the SFO. The results from this study demonstrate that the sympathoexcitation mediated by a glutamatergic mechanism in the PVN is partially driven by the activation of the MnPO or SFO. glutamate; angiotensin II; sympathetic drive; cardiovascular THE PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS (PVN) of the hypothalamus is involved in the neural control of the cardiovascular system (10, 23). Previous researchers from this laboratory (7,23,25) and others (4, 5) have observed that the activity of PVN neurons associated with sympathoexcitation is due to an increase in glutamatergic mechanisms within the PVN. Specifically, we have shown that the parvocellular neurons of the PVN are involved in mediating the neural component of cardiovascular reflexes by influencing renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) (7,23,25). We have also demonstrated that the PVN is involved in baroreflex regulation of lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (23). Neuroanatomically, the parvocellular neurons of the PVN have been shown to connect to the nucleus of the solitary tract (10), as well as project to sympathetic preganglionic neurons within the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the spinal cord directly or via the rostral vent...

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confidence: 99%

Median preoptic nucleus and subfornical organ drive renal sympathetic nerve activity via a glutamatergic mechanism within the paraventricular nucleus

Llewellyn

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…A different study found that the injection of HRP into the PVH led to a significant number of HRP labeled neurons in the VLM [3] . Other more recent studies have confirmed that neurons in the NTS and VLM send axons to the PVH [3,5,6,9] . Our results have proved that the projection fibers to the PVH originated mainly from the SolM and SolC and NTS and the VLM, with fewer projections from RF at the middle and caudal segments of medulla.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Fos expression in catecholaminergic medullary neurons induced by chemical stimulation of stomach projecting to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in rats

Dong¹,

Xiong²,

Rao³

et al. 2011

WJG

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AIM:To determine whether medullary catecholaminergic neurons expressing Fos induced by chemical stimulation o� the stomach project to the paraventricular nucleus o� hypothalamus (PVH) in rats. METHODS:Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was introduced stereotaxically into the PVH o� rats. Histochemical analysis o� coronal sections through the medulla were analyzed using triple-label immunohistochemistry to identi�y cells that were retrogradely labeled with HRP, Fos (ABC method), and tyrosin hydroxylase (TH) (PAP method). RESULTS:Seven kinds o� labeled neurons were �ound in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and the reticular �ormation (RF) o� the medulla: Fos-like immunoreactive (FosLI) neurons, TH-like immunoreactive (TH-LI) neurons and HRP retrogradely single-labeled neurons, FosLI/HRP, FosLI/TH-LI and HRP/ TH-LI double-labeled neurons, and FosLI/HRP/TH-LI triple-labeled neurons. CONCLUSION:Ascending projections �rom the NTS, VLM and RF to the PVH might be involved in the transmitting process o� visceral noxious stimulation.

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“…Anatomical evidence has demonstrated that between the PVN neurons and the lower brainstem and spinal cord there are complex connections, including descending projections from the PVN to the NTS, DVC, pituitary, and the intermediolateral cell column of the spinal cord [12] . Our results showed that when the NTS was chemically destroyed bilaterally, the protective effect of the PVN against UC was abolished.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It also connects to the neurohypophysis from its magnocellular subdivision [11] . Previous anatomical studies have demonstrated direct bidirectional connections between the PVN, NTS, and DVC (dorsal vagal complex) [12][13][14] . Vasopressin neurons in the PVN, particularly its parvocellular sub-nuclei, innervate the NTS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamate microinjection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus attenuates ulcerative colitis in rats

Zhang

Fei

et al. 2013

Acta Pharmacol Sin

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Aim: To investigate the effects of glutamate microinjection into hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats and to explore the relevant mechanisms. Methods: 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (100 mg/kg in 50% ethanol) was instilled into the colon of adult male SD rats to induce UC. A colonic damage score (CDS) was used to indicate the severity of the colonic mucosal damage. The pathological changes in the colonic mucosa were evaluated using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, biochemical analyses or ELISA. Ten minutes before UC induction, drugs were microinjected into the relevant nuclei in rat brain to produce chemical stimulation or chemical lesion.Results: Microinjection of glutamate (3, 6 and 12 µg) into the PVN dose-dependently decreased the CDS in UC rats. This protective effect was eliminated after kainic acid (0.3 µg) was microinjected into PVN or into the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) that caused chemical lesion of these nuclei. This protective effect was also prevented when the AVP-V 1 receptor antagonist DPVDAV (200 ng) was microinjected into the NTS. The discharge frequency of the vagus was markedly decreased following microinjection of glutamate into the PVN. Microinjection of glutamate into the PVN in UC rats significantly increased the cell proliferation and anti-oxidant levels, and decreased the apoptosis and Bax and caspase 3 expression levels and reduced the pro-inflammatory factors in the colonic mucosa. Conclusion: The activation of hypothalamic PVN exerts protective effects against UC, which is mediated by the NTS and vagus. The effects may be achieved via anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory factors.

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Connections of neurons in the region of the nucleus tractus solitarius with the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: Their possible involvement in neural control of the cardiovascular system in rats

Cited by 128 publications

References 35 publications

Median preoptic nucleus and subfornical organ drive renal sympathetic nerve activity via a glutamatergic mechanism within the paraventricular nucleus

Median preoptic nucleus and subfornical organ drive renal sympathetic nerve activity via a glutamatergic mechanism within the paraventricular nucleus

Fos expression in catecholaminergic medullary neurons induced by chemical stimulation of stomach projecting to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in rats

Glutamate microinjection into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus attenuates ulcerative colitis in rats

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