Connections for Matters of the Heart: Network Medicine in Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are diverse disorders affecting the heart and vasculature in millions of people worldwide. Like other fields, CVD research has benefitted from the deluge of multiomics biomedical data. Current CVD research focuses on disease etiologies and mechanisms, identifying disease biomarkers, developing appropriate therapies and drugs, and stratifying patients into correct disease endotypes. Systems biology offers an alternative to traditional reductionist approaches and provides impetus for a comprehensive outlook toward diseases. As a focus area, network medicine specifically aids the translational aspect of in silico research. This review discusses the approach of network medicine and its application to CVD research.

Evolution of the search for a common mechanism of congenital risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the chromosomal locus 9p21.3

“…It aims to provide more accurate genotyping of multiple interactions using integrated multi-omics as a comprehensive view. [ 38 ] Due to that, it was possible to determine the functions of different participants in the transcription process. A promoter is a sequence of DNA nucleotides recognized by RNA as a launching pad for the start of transcription.…”

Phenomics and Robust Multiomics Data for Cardiovascular Disease Subtyping

“…To complement precision medicine approaches, the emerging network medicine paradigm views the health and disease states of an individual as a complex network of networks (interactomes) within which many biological components interact. [19][20][21][22] The nodes in these interaction networks can represent genes, proteins, or even individuals, and their connections can describe a functional relation (eg, protein binding) as well as a similarity relation (eg, patient similarity networks). Owing to its versatility, network modeling can aid at multiple stages of the computational disease subtyping workflow, ranging from the identification of subtype-specific coexpression modules, 23 to the definition of individualized molecular networks, 24 and to the integration of data across various domains to capture disease-related variability.…”

Small particles with large impact: Insights into the unresolved roles of innate immunity in extracellular vesicle‐mediated cardiovascular calcification

“…The use of multi-omics, systems biology, and network medicine approaches to characterize cardiovascular calcification-related EVs will be a rich source of information for identifying novel drug targets or biomarkers. 156 Our group has reported a multi-omics approach to spatially and temporally resolve CAVD tissue using network medicine approaches to integrate transcriptomics and proteomics findings. 157 We were able to identify genes and proteins that were reflective of not only the anatomical location in the valve (each of the three leaflet layers), but also how the profile changes as the disease state progress in a whole leaflet tissue divided into disease stages (nondisease, fibrotic, and calcified).…”

“…Manipulation of local macrophages or disruption of the EV aggregation or loading process is future directions in this field. The use of multi‐omics, systems biology, and network medicine approaches to characterize cardiovascular calcification‐related EVs will be a rich source of information for identifying novel drug targets or biomarkers 156 …”