Connections Between Amino Acid Metabolisms in Plants: Lysine as an Example

Yang, Qingqing; Zhao, Dongsheng; Liu, Qiaoquan

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00928

Cited by 121 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The allosteric regulation of PpOTC by ornithine and arginine ( Figure 4 and Figure 6 ) strongly suggest that the reaction catalyzed by this enzyme is also an important step for the short-term regulation of the pathway. PpOTC activity is also sensitive to the inhibition by Ile, Leu and Val ( Figure 5 ) (reported for animal extracts in [ 53 ]) and that suggests a metabolic connection between the aspartate and arginine metabolic pathways as previously pointed out for the biosynthesis of amino acids [ 54 ]. The observed inhibition of the last enzyme in arginine biosynthesis, ASL, by spermine and spermidine may reflect the fine-tuned control that polyamines, the arginine and ornithine byproducts, may exert over the biosynthesis of their own precursors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Enzymes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Arginine from Ornithine in Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.)

Urbano-Gámez

El-Azaz

Ávila

et al. 2020

Plants

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The amino acids arginine and ornithine are the precursors of a wide range of nitrogenous compounds in all living organisms. The metabolic conversion of ornithine into arginine is catalyzed by the sequential activities of the enzymes ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), argininosuccinate synthetase (ASSY) and argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). Because of their roles in the urea cycle, these enzymes have been purified and extensively studied in a variety of animal models. However, the available information about their molecular characteristics, kinetic and regulatory properties is relatively limited in plants. In conifers, arginine plays a crucial role as a main constituent of N-rich storage proteins in seeds and serves as the main source of nitrogen for the germinating embryo. In this work, recombinant PpOTC, PpASSY and PpASL enzymes from maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) were produced in Escherichia coli to enable study of their molecular and kinetics properties. The results reported here provide a molecular basis for the regulation of arginine and ornithine metabolism at the enzymatic level, suggesting that the reaction catalyzed by OTC is a regulatory target in the homeostasis of ornithine pools that can be either used for the biosynthesis of arginine in plastids or other nitrogenous compounds in the cytosol.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Enzymes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Arginine from Ornithine in Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.)

Urbano-Gámez

El-Azaz

Ávila

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…The presence of several important amino acids, such as SER, LEU, VAL, and PRO, in the protein pocket regions can significantly alter various protein functions in response to adverse conditions [88,89]. Additionally, the CYS and LYS residues observed in pocket 4 and pocket 6 of the ERF protein, respectively, may suggest an important role of these proteins in sulfur metabolism and starch biosynthesis [90]. Furthermore, the cavity region in the TtRAV protein also revealed CYS residues, suggesting a potential role of TtAP2s/ERFs of these clades in the modulation of sulfur metabolism through regulation of the sulfotransferases [91].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The AP2/ERF Gene Family in Triticum durum: Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis under Drought and Salinity Stresses

Faraji

Filiz

Kazemitabar

et al. 2020

Genes

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Members of the AP2/ERF transcription factor family play critical roles in plant development, biosynthesis of key metabolites, and stress response. A detailed study was performed to identify TtAP2s/ERFs in the durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) genome, which resulted in the identification of 271 genes distributed on chromosomes 1A-7B. By carrying 27 genes, chromosome 6A had the highest number of TtAP2s/ERFs. Furthermore, a duplication assay of TtAP2s/ERFs demonstrated that 70 duplicated gene pairs had undergone purifying selection. According to RNA-seq analysis, the highest expression levels in all tissues and in response to stimuli were associated with DRF and ERF subfamily genes. In addition, the results revealed that TtAP2/ERF genes have tissue-specific expression patterns, and most TtAP2/ERF genes were significantly induced in the root tissue. Additionally, 13 TtAP2/ERF genes (six ERFs, three DREBs, two DRFs, one AP2, and one RAV) were selected for further analysis via qRT-PCR of their potential in coping with drought and salinity stresses. The TtAP2/ERF genes belonging to the DREB subfamily were markedly induced under both drought-stress and salinity-stress conditions. Furthermore, docking simulations revealed several residues in the pocket sites of the proteins associated with the stress response, which may be useful in future site-directed mutagenesis studies to increase the stress tolerance of durum wheat. This study could provide valuable insights for further evolutionary and functional assays of this important gene family in durum wheat.

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“…Lysine is the classic target site of epigenetic modifications (histone methylation and acetylation; Zhang, 2008 ), and high accumulation of free lysine in endosperm induces multiple plant stress responses ( Yang et al, 2018 ). Lysine metabolism is involved in the plant stress response in various ways ( Yang et al, 2020a ), and the results showed that lysine degradation is involved in the plant freezing response, with different lysine accumulation levels under various freezing treatments affected by DNA methylation ( Figure 8B ). Rutin is a flavonoid substance that is produced from phenylalanine as a precursor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of DNA Methylation in Cold Priming in Tartary Buckwheat

et al. 2020

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Plants experience a wide array of environmental stimuli, some of which are frequent occurrences of cold weather, which have priming effects on agricultural production and agronomic traits. DNA methylation may act as an epigenetic regulator for the cold response of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum). Combined with long-term field observation and laboratory experiments, comparative phenome, methylome, and transcriptome analyses were performed to investigate the potential epigenetic contributions for the cold priming of Tartary buckwheat variety Dingku1. Tartary buckwheat cv. Dingku1 exhibited low-temperature resistance. Single-base resolution maps of the DNA methylome were generated, and a global loss of DNA methylation was observed during cold responding in Dingku1. These sites with differential methylation levels were predominant in the intergenic regions. Several hundred genes had different DNA methylation patterns and expressions in different cold treatments (cold memory and cold shock), such as CuAO, RPB1, and DHE1. The application of a DNA methylation inhibitor caused a change of the free lysine content, suggesting that DNA methylation can affect metabolite accumulation for Tartary buckwheat cold responses. The results of the present study suggest important roles of DNA methylation in regulating cold response and forming agronomic traits in Tartary buckwheat.

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Connections Between Amino Acid Metabolisms in Plants: Lysine as an Example

Cited by 121 publications

References 65 publications

Enzymes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Arginine from Ornithine in Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.)

Enzymes Involved in the Biosynthesis of Arginine from Ornithine in Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.)

The AP2/ERF Gene Family in Triticum durum: Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis under Drought and Salinity Stresses

Roles of DNA Methylation in Cold Priming in Tartary Buckwheat

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