Connecting to Economic Opportunity: The Role of Public Transport in Promoting Women’s Employment in Lima

Martı́nez, Daniel; Mitnik, Oscar A.; Salgado, Edgar; Scholl, Lynn; Yáñez-Pagans, Patricia

doi:10.18235/0001528

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Several studies have estimated impacts of BRT systems on access to work opportunities in Latin American and other cities [11,30,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. These authors estimate the distribution of benefits in terms of the reduction in travel times associated with improved transport systems across different areas in a city and the effects on access of low income or vulnerable populations to employment centers.…”

Section: Brt: Characteristics and Research On Their Social Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These authors estimate the distribution of benefits in terms of the reduction in travel times associated with improved transport systems across different areas in a city and the effects on access of low income or vulnerable populations to employment centers. Other studies have examined how employment outcomes and distance or access to urban transport systems are correlated, finding that proximity to a system is correlated with lower levels of unemployment [44] or with a lower probability of being informally employed [45]. Martinez et al [46] analyzed the impacts of urban transport systems investments in Lima (i.e., including both a metro line and the BRT trunk), on employment outcomes for women versus men, finding large effects for women, which may be attributed to the greater security women feel while traveling in these improved systems in addition to travel time savings.…”

Section: Brt: Characteristics and Research On Their Social Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Bus Rapid Transit Systems Improve Accessibility to Job Opportunities for the Poor? The Case of Lima, Peru

Oviedo

Scholl

Innao³

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Investments in public transit infrastructure in Latin America and the Caribbean often aim to reduce spatial and social inequalities by improving accessibility to jobs and other opportunities for vulnerable populations. One of the central goals of Lima’s Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) project was to connect low-income populations living in the peripheries to jobs in the city center, a policy objective that has not yet been evaluated. Building on secondary datasets of employment, household socio-demographics and origin–destination surveys before and after the BRT began operations, this paper examines the contribution of Lima’s BRT system to accessibility to employment in the city, particularly for low-income public transit users. We estimated the effects on potential accessibility to employment, comparing impacts on lower versus higher income populations, and assessed the changes in location-based accessibility to employment before (2004) and after implementation (2012) for treatment and comparison groups. We found that the BRT line reduced travel times for commuters to reach jobs, in comparison with traditional public transport in the city. However, the coverage of the BRT declines in areas with high concentrations of poor populations, limiting the equitability of accessibility improvements. The analysis by socioeconomic sub-groups found positive effects of the BRT system on accessibility for the higher income areas. Relative to the control group, accessibility increased in the 10-km boundary area of the BRT by 0.01, a seven percent increase relative to the treatment baseline accessibility index in the higher socioeconomic (SES) areas of the city. In contrast, in the areas with high concentrations of lower SES populations, the double difference estimate indicated an 11 percent decrease relative to the baseline accessibility index (0.09). We build on case-specific findings and international literature to reflect on policy avenues to include the poor in the mobility benefits of BRT systems. These measures include targeted fare subsidies for low-income groups, fare integration with other forms of public transport that reduce the cost of transfers, and the increase of coverage of the BRT through the integration of stations with non-motorized infrastructure.

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Section: Brt: Characteristics and Research On Their Social Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Brt: Characteristics and Research On Their Social Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Bus Rapid Transit Systems Improve Accessibility to Job Opportunities for the Poor? The Case of Lima, Peru

Oviedo

Scholl

Innao³

et al. 2019

Sustainability

Self Cite

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“…The more desirable a location, the higher is its rent value. Transportation, through accessibility and distance decay, becomes a strong explanatory factor for the price of land and its use (McIntosh et al 2017;Medda 2012;Debrezion et al 2007).…”

Section: Land Use and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban transport systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: lessons and challenges

Yáñez-Pagans¹,

Martínez

Mitnik

et al. 2019

Lat Am Econ Rev

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Rapid population growth, urbanization, and widespread use of motor vehicles have generated large mobility challenges in urban areas of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), including high rates of congestion, traffic accidents, and pollution (CAF 2010). Although a significant share (68%) of passenger travel in LAC cities is on public transit or shared systems (Estupiñan et al. 2018), the supply of high-quality public transport has not kept pace with the growth in transport demand (IDB 2013). In combination with increased incomes and, in some cases, policies directed at encouraging purchases of new cars, this has generated a surge in motorization rates (De la Torre et al. 2009), leading to increased pressure on urban transport infrastructure.

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“…These systems connected peripheral areas of the city to major employment centers and offered much safer options than other public transit modes. Martinez et al (2018) find that women were more likely to use these systems as compared to men, which in turn improved their access to jobs. They also find higher employment gains for women as a result of these two public transit interventions.…”

Section: Box 2: Transport and Women's Labor Market Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 84%

Pakistan Jobs Diagnostic

Cho¹,

Majoka²

2020

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Connecting to Economic Opportunity: The Role of Public Transport in Promoting Women’s Employment in Lima

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Do Bus Rapid Transit Systems Improve Accessibility to Job Opportunities for the Poor? The Case of Lima, Peru

Do Bus Rapid Transit Systems Improve Accessibility to Job Opportunities for the Poor? The Case of Lima, Peru

Urban transport systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: lessons and challenges

Pakistan Jobs Diagnostic

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