Connecting Return Intentions and Home Investment: the Case of Ghanaian Migrants in Southern Europe

Abstract

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Socio-Economic Realities of Returned Immigrant Reintegration in Ghana: A Systematic Review

“…The high living standards and earnings in most destination countries shape the expectation of most migrants about their home countries. 24 It has been argued that most migrants prior to their return invest at home or return along with sufficient savings or pensions to avoid the risk of reverting to premigration living standards. 25 Agyeman and Garcia go on to report that in recent times, most countries of return have introduced new policies and formal arrangements with host countries, which allow return migrants to continue to access services and entitlements earned in the host country (like social security and employment pension arrangements) after they have returned to their country of origin.…”

“…133 Building national and local capacities also "entails working with both the private sector and recruitment agencies [in the provision of services] to support the economic reintegration through employment." 134 Structural interventions are necessary for creating the right institutional environment for successful reintegration. According to the IOM, structural interventions are necessary because they "aim to strengthen national capacities to provide reintegration services to returning migrants through technical support and tools,…”

Why Do Migrants Stay Unexpectedly? Misperceptions and Implications for Integration

“…remittances (Dustmann and Mestres (2010a); Delpierre and Verheyden (2014)), asset holdings in the origin and destination countries (Dustmann andMestres (2010b), Chabé-Ferret et al (2018)), and entrepreneurial investments in the home country (Ammassari (2004); Akwasi Agyeman and Fernández Garcia (2016)).…”

Between the Imagined and the Reality: Threat of African Invasion and Spain's Migration Policy in sub-Saharan Africa

“…Even though the two strategies are different, their ultimate goals, however, are to reduce the propensity to migrate from sub-Saharan Africa to Spain and to the European Union, ensure that unwanted African migrants do not arrive in their territory, remove those who enter or stay in Spanish territory without authorization, and encourage voluntary return of those who have legally settled in Spain (Agyeman, 2011;Agyeman and Fernandez Garcia, 2016). MARITIME BORDER CONTROL SYSTEMS Alscher (2005) observed that during the period between 2000 and 2004 when Spain's conservative Popular Party (PP) won an absolute majority in parliament, the fight against illegal migration became the central issue of immigration policy.…”