Connecting biology with psychology to make sense of appetite control

Rogers, Peter J.; Ferriday, Danielle; Jebb, Susan; Brunstrom, Jeffrey Michael

doi:10.1111/nbu.12237

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Our current approach to this is to focus on reward value. Specifically, we focus on how to offset the decrease in reward value of smaller servings through increased variety and intensity of the tastes and flavors within the meal (), or, in other words, prioritizing quality over quantity (). Preliminary results show that this does indeed compensate, in terms of meal enjoyment, for reduced portion sizes, especially when supported by appropriate “hedonistic” labeling ().…”

Section: A Role For Reducing Portion Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Combating Excessive Eating: A Role for Four Evidence‐Based Remedies

Rogers

2018

Obesity

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Objective: The aim of this study is to review the control of energy balance and outline some causes of and remedies for excessive energy intake. Methods: A narrative review was conducted. Results: There is negative feedback control of energy intake and body weight, but, nonetheless, energy intake is only loosely coupled with energy expenditure. Consequently, we are vulnerable to eating in excess of energy requirements. In this context, energy density, portion size, and habitual meal patterns have strong influences on energy intake and, accordingly, can be targeted to reduce energy intake. For example, energy density can be reduced without much affecting food reward (approximately the pleasure gained from eating) because their relationship is such that reward value is affected relatively little by increments in energy density above 1.5 kcal/g. This and other strategies that increase reward per calorie eaten may be superior to increasing the satiety effect of products because fullness is not inherently rewarding. Low‐calorie sweeteners provide a means to reduce energy density while largely preserving food or beverage reward value. Consistent with this, consumption of low‐calorie sweeteners compared with consumption of sugars has been found to reduce energy intake and body weight. Conclusions: Understanding what causes excessive eating also provides insights into how to combat this problem.

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Section: A Role For Reducing Portion Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Combating Excessive Eating: A Role for Four Evidence‐Based Remedies

Rogers

2018

Obesity

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“…For example, explaining how the dissatisfaction that may come with smaller portions can be countered with enhancing the variety and flavour of meals and by mindful eating (Rogers et al . ).…”

Section: So What Is the Solution?mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Health professionals need to offer strategies that assist women to incorporate nutrition advice into their lifestyles. For example, explaining how the dissatisfaction that may come with smaller portions can be countered with enhancing the variety and flavour of meals and by mindful eating (Rogers et al 2016).…”

Section: Train Health Professionals About Nutrition and Weight Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal nutrition and weight management in pregnancy: A nudge in the right direction

et al. 2018

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Suboptimal maternal nutrition and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) establish in mothers and their offspring a weight gain trajectory towards overweight and obesity. Therefore, pregnancy may be the best opportunity to disrupt the generational cycle of obesity. More than half of women in the UK now enter pregnancy overweight or obese, highlighting that if interventions are not targeted towards women in higher weight categories before conception they are likely to ‘miss the mark’. To address issues of suboptimal maternal nutrition and excessive GWG in antenatal care, health professionals need to consider how women's requirements and expectations may have changed in recent years and the impact of weight stigma on the care of women who are obese. This paper aims to drive changes in clinical practice guidelines, medical curricula, the language used by health professionals, and ultimately promote maternal nutrition and weight management in pregnancy as key priorities during antenatal care. Evidence indicates that women want non‐judgemental, simple and encouraging guidance in these areas. Small changes to health professionals’ practice can improve how advice regarding nutrition and weight management in pregnancy is delivered, and has the potential to reduce overweight and obesity prevalence in women and their children in the years to come. Surely that goal is worth pursuing.

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“…As a solution, Rogers and colleagues have proposed that the reduced reward value associated with smaller portions could be offset by enhancing other characteristics of the food that are associated with food enjoyment and/or its satiating potential, such as increasing palatability with non‐caloric flavourings, stronger sensory intensity and increased variety (Rogers et al . ).…”

Section: Reformulating Foods or Reformulating Behaviours?mentioning

confidence: 97%

Cultivating self‐regulatory eating behaviours during childhood: The evidence and opportunities

McCrickerd

2018

Nutrition Bulletin

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Global high levels of obesity and metabolic disease have called for a reformulation of the food environment to reduce portion sizes and food energy density, particularly from added sugars, highlighting the importance of the food environment in energy intake and adiposity. Young children are often assumed to have the ability to self-regulate eating behaviours in a way that protects against overconsumption. Therefore, a complementary approach to changing the food environment is to identify and cultivate 'protective' eating behaviours from an early age. But what is the evidence for children's capacity to self-regulate food intake? And could cultivating self-regulatory eating behaviours complement broader environmental approaches aimed at reducing unhealthy weight gain during childhood? This review considers these questions with a focus on three aspects of eating behaviour that challenge energy intake regulation and healthy growth: large portion sizes, eating speed and energy compensation abilities. As children get older and gain more experience in the food environment, individual self-regulatory skills can be compromised by factors such as sustained exposure to large portion sizes and feeding practices that fail to take into account children's appetite cues. More research is required to understand the developmental trajectories of children's eating behaviours, but parents and caregivers have the opportunity to promote self-regulatory eating from a young age. The success of individualised interventions that aim to empower children to recognise and respond to their own appetite signals will be contingent on broader improvements to the wider food environment.

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Connecting biology with psychology to make sense of appetite control

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Combating Excessive Eating: A Role for Four Evidence‐Based Remedies

Combating Excessive Eating: A Role for Four Evidence‐Based Remedies

Maternal nutrition and weight management in pregnancy: A nudge in the right direction

Cultivating self‐regulatory eating behaviours during childhood: The evidence and opportunities

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