Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma: prognostic factors for the recurrence and metastasis and clinicopathological characteristics at an oncological hospital in Peru

Abstract

Background/aimsConjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the most frequent malignant tumour of the conjunctiva, with scarce recurrence and infrequent metastasis. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical and pathological characteristics of this neoplasm and to identify the prognostic factors for recurrence and metastasis in a cancer hospital in Peru.Materials and methodA longitudinal, retrospective study of 176 consecutive patients diagnosed with SCC of the conjunctiva. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated. In addition, Kaplan-Meier curves were performed, and Cox regression was used to determine prognostic factors for recurrence and metastasis over time.ResultOnly 12.5% presented tumour size ≤5 mm. The highest proportion according to the histopathological type was the well-differentiated infiltrative forms (40.9%), and according to tumour, node, metastases (TNM), stage T3 was the most frequent (31.3%). The most performed initial treatment was orbital exenteration (38.6%). The proportion of recurrence was 6.8% and 8.0% for metastasis. The annual survival rate was 7% and the annual metastasis rate was 6%; for recurrence after 5 years, the survival rate was 11% and the metastasis rate was 14%. No prognostic factor evaluated was significant.ConclusionThis is the most extensive patient study in Latin America with CSCC, with a high proportion of advanced histopathological grade, TNM stages, and radical treatments such as exenteration. Recurrence rates on average are similar to other reported studies, and it describes the rates of metastasis that have been poorly described in the literature.

Expression of thrombospondin-1 in conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma is correlated to the Ki67 index and associated with progression-free survival

“…In addition to the reported existing possibilities of topical application of interferonα-2b, there could be a place for using an agent directed at thrombospondin-1 [26] Previous reports have not shown significant differences in recurrence or metastasis. [2,27] However, it was suggested that the pathological background was poor, and it might be difficult to investigate prognosis in advanced cases. Above all, gene array analysis, which allowed us to identify a new finding related to thrombospondin-1 between the advanced cases and carcinoma in situ.…”

“…Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) includes several diseases, such as conjunctival premalignant dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). [1,2] Scholz et al examined clinicopathological factors and biomarkers and identified promoter mutations in telomerase reverse transcriptase in 44% of 48 samples of conjunctival OSSN associated with sun exposure, and mutations were present in 4 of 7 (57.1%) patients with local recurrence of disease and all patients with metastases (100%). [3] In molecular biological area, recent research demonstrated that programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) was expressed in almost half of conjunctival SCC cases and additionally noted the potential application of immune checkpoint blockade as a treatment strategy for conjunctival SCC.…”

Epidemiological Analysis and Prognosis of Conjunctival Cancer in the Past Twenty Years: A Population-Based Retrospective Study Using SEER Data

“…Conjunctival lymphomas are most commonly detected in elderly individuals (60-70 years old), with extranodal marginal zone (EMZL) being more common in female patients (57.8% (104 of 180)) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) being predominantly detected in males (77.8% (14 of 18)) [ 19 ]. However, other analyses have suggested that sex is not associated with conjunctival or corneal tumor incidence or prognosis [ 20 ]. No specific explanation as to why men are at a higher risk of such tumors has been defined [ 21 ], but relevant risk factors could include differences in UV exposure, outdoor activity, hormones, study populations, or analyzed tumor types.…”

The clinical presentation and treatment of an invasive conjunctival squamous spindle cell carcinoma

“…[ 13 ] For recurrence after 5 years, the survival rate decreased to 11% and the metastasis rate was 14%. [ 14 ] Few mortality had been reported in the literature and most causes of death were diffuse metastases. [ 2 3 5 11 ] We found that the patient's disease progression was consistent with previously published schema: Intraocular and intraorbital invasion and lymph nodes metastasis.…”