Conjunctival cytological examination, bacteriological culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of healthy Mediterranean buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Southern Italy

Lamagna, Barbara; Pasolini, Maria Pia; Nizza, Sandra; Mallardo, Karina; Formicola, Maurizio; Costagliola, Anna; Fatone, Gerardo; Fiorito, Filomena; Paciello, Orlando; Martino, Luisa De

doi:10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.06.017

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The presence of neutrophils, however, may be linked to different etiology, including conjunctival sterile inflammation, bacterial or viral infections, allergic disease, or occasionally other causes 8,9 . The conjunctival epithelial cells consisted mainly of superficial cells, which is in agreement with findings in the dog reported, 24 but in contrast to the cytological composition in buffalos, where intermediate and basal cells dominated other types of epithelial cells 25 . The presence of melanin pigment in epithelial cells from normal animals in the present study could be associated with the animal coat color 26 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…8,9 The conjunctival epithelial cells consisted mainly of superficial cells, which is in agreement with findings in the dog reported, 24 but in contrast to the cytological composition in buffalos, where intermediate and basal cells dominated other types of epithelial cells. 25 The presence of melanin pigment in epithelial cells from normal animals in the present study could be associated with the animal coat color. 26 A similar observation was reported for ocular cytology in cats.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

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Cytological and microbiological evaluation of conjunctiva in camels with and without conjunctivitis

Shawaf

Hussen

2022

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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Objective To describe the cytological analysis of conjunctiva from normal camels and camels with bacterial conjunctivitis. Animals studied This study was conducted on 7 normal camels and 15 camels affected with conjunctivitis. The affected camels had a history of conjunctivitis with signs including chemosis, blepharospasm, frequent blinking, and mild‐to‐moderate serous, mucoid, or purulent ocular discharge. Procedures Bacterial swabs were collected from the inferior conjunctival sac of the affected eye without topical anesthetics. Conjunctival smears were obtained from the conjunctival surface for cytological analysis. Results The cellular analysis of ocular smears revealed a higher percentage of basal cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages in camels with conjunctivitis compared with normal camels. In contrast to this, smears from normal camels showed an increased percentage of superficial epithelial cells compared with affected camels. The microbiological assessment of conjunctival swabs collected from affected animals identified a bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus., Bacillus sp., Streptococcus sp., Enterococcus faecium., Staphylococcus sp., Corynebacterium sp., Coryne pseudotuberculosis., Saprophytica, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulagaris, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusions It was observed that bacterial conjunctivitis in camels was associated with increased percentages of basal epithelial cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages compared with normal camels, while normal camels showed an increased percentage of superficial epithelial cells compared with affected camels.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 55%

Cytological and microbiological evaluation of conjunctiva in camels with and without conjunctivitis

Shawaf

Hussen

2022

Veterinary Ophthalmology

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“…The susceptibility of various animals to keratomycosis is still questionable worldwide due to the variable ecosystem in both health and disease (Acharya et al, 2017;Bond et al, 2020). Among animals, buffaloes are the most susceptible due to many factors such as the environment where they live with a high concentration of fungi in the humid and hot environment, as well as the accidental vegetal ocular harm (Lamagna et al, 2015). The results of this study are compatible with previous results in Italy, which had studied the cytology feature and the microbiology of ocular conjunctiva in healthy Mediterranean buffaloes (Lamagna et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among animals, buffaloes are the most susceptible due to many factors such as the environment where they live with a high concentration of fungi in the humid and hot environment, as well as the accidental vegetal ocular harm (Lamagna et al, 2015). The results of this study are compatible with previous results in Italy, which had studied the cytology feature and the microbiology of ocular conjunctiva in healthy Mediterranean buffaloes (Lamagna et al, 2015). The results of the current study also agree with previous results on fungal keratoconjunctivitis in Indian buffaloes (Rajesh et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) mycotic eye infection: reported herd cases in Thi-Qar province, Iraq

Khalaf

Karim

Al-Salihi

2021

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Buffaloes are one of the important farm animals in the south of Iraq and play an essential economical role mainly acting as dairy, meat, and draft animals. This study intended to diagnose buffalo mycotic eye infections in Thi-Qar province/Iraq. Some 250 buffaloes in the herd of 3,700 animals suffered from eye infections from December 2017 to November 2018. Eye swabs were collected from each infected eye of the affected buffaloes of both sexes before treatment. The animals were in different age groups. All samples were transferred to the laboratory in transfer media, and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose (SDA) agar with and without 0.05 g/mL and 0.4 g/mL chloramphenicol and cycloheximide, respectively. Later, the agars were incubated at 25o C and 37o C. The total percentage of eye infection was (6.75%), constituting (49.2%) mycotic infections. The predominant clinical manifestations that appeared on the infected buffaloes were eye inflammation represented by congestion, lacrimation, the opacity of cornea and edema, and reduced productivity of the infected animals. Different fungal isolates were identified from the samples including Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Candida spp., Cladosporium spp., Rhodotorula spp., Mucor spp. and Rhizopus spp. Calves buffaloes below one-year-old were more prone to mycotic infection than one-year-old or more. Additionally, male buffaloes were more susceptible to infection than females. In conclusion, this study isolated various types of fungus from the inflamed eyes of buffaloes. Fungal eye infection and the potential risk factors for fungal keratitis in buffaloes were also investigated. The study also approved the rapid diagnosis of fungi by direct microscopic detection and culture. The author recommends future studies including large numbers of the buffalo herd in Iraq to determine the epidemiology of this condition in the country.

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Occurrence of Acanthamoeba genotypes in Central West Malaysian environments

et al. 2018

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Conjunctival cytological examination, bacteriological culture, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of healthy Mediterranean buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Southern Italy

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Cytological and microbiological evaluation of conjunctiva in camels with and without conjunctivitis

Cytological and microbiological evaluation of conjunctiva in camels with and without conjunctivitis

Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) mycotic eye infection: reported herd cases in Thi-Qar province, Iraq

Occurrence of Acanthamoeba genotypes in Central West Malaysian environments

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