Conjugated porous polymers for energy applications

Vilela, Filipe; Zhang, Kai A. I.; Antonietti, Markus

doi:10.1039/c2ee22002d

Cited by 395 publications

(247 citation statements)

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“…[1][2][3] Their microporosity and design flexibility can potentially be exploited in a variety of fields such as catalysis, 2,3 sensors for trace substances detection, 4 energy conversion and storage, 5,6 and membranebased separations. 7,8 Among the above materials, polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM) are the most promising porous polymer class for membrane applications, due to their combination of high permeability and selectivity as well as good solution processability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel intrinsically microporous ladder polymer and copolymers derived from 1,1′,2,2′-tetrahydroxy-tetraphenylethylene for membrane-based gas separation

Pinnau

2016

Polym. Chem.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel intrinsically microporous ladder polymer and copolymers derived from 1,1′,2,2′-tetrahydroxy-tetraphenylethylene for membrane-based gas separation

Pinnau

2016

Polym. Chem.

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“…Many chemists and materials scientists focus on this field and contribute to the design and synthesis of POFs. The representative POFs, including polymers of intrinsicmicroporosity (PIMs) [2][3][4], HCPs [17,18], conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) [19,20], and porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) [21][22][23][24][25][26], etc., constitute typical classes of covalently linked amorphous organic porous materials.…”

Section: Amorphous Pofsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles for the Synthesis of Porous Organic Frameworks

Zhu

Ren

2014

SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science

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To date, hundreds of porous organic frameworks (POFs) have been successfully designed and synthesized. With regard to POFs, the first important problem is the constructing strategies of POFs. In this chapter, we introduce some principles for the synthesis of POF materials. Based on the type of POFs (crystalline or amorphous), the discussion of POFs is classified into two parts. For the synthesis of POF materials, two most vital factors should be followed. One is the monomers that are the fundamental constructing units for the synthesis of POFs, and the other is the polymerization reactions. The structure and property of POFs are determined by the utilization of monomers and polymerization reactions. In other words, the synergistic effect of two factors could influence the chemical and physical characteristics of the resulting samples.

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“…[23,[30][31][32] Then, CMP-1 was calcined at 400 8C for 2 h, then kept at 700 8C for 4 h to obtain the porous hard carbon (PHC-1). Computational simulations show that CMP-1 has a porous three-dimensional network structure arising from the three-pronged butadiynylene linkages (Figure 1 a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, traditional synthesis methods involving the carbonization of low-vapor-pressure polymeric precursors 19,21] or natural sources [20] have their respective drawbacks, which are mostly associated with cross-linking reactions that proceed with concomitant char formation or uncontrolled vaporization during high-temperature pyrolysis. [22] Conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) have received considerable research interest because of their 3D interlinked porous structure, large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface areas, and good chemical stability [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] with regard to potential applications for the selected adsorption of organic solvents [24] and gas adsorption. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] More interestingly, the surface areas and pore volumes of the CMP could be easily tuned by using different monomers with various molecule lengths, making them ideal candidates for preparation of porous carbon.…”

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confidence: 99%

Conjugated Microporous Polymer‐Derived Porous Hard Carbon as High‐Rate Long‐Life Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

et al. 2013

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The development of vehicles using alternative fuel sources, such as hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and electric vehicles, requires advanced rechargeable batteries. Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are promising candidates because of their intrinsic high energy density, high power density, and long cycling life. [1][2][3][4] The further development of LIBs could satisfy more rigorous demands such as high specific capacity, high rate performance, and long cycling life for the anode material. Silicon-based anode materials, [5][6][7] transition metal oxides, [8][9][10] and tin-based materials [11][12][13] are anode materials with high specific capacities. But they all have poor cycling performance because of the huge volume changes during the charge-discharge cycles. Therefore, carbon-based anode materials are still the focus of application and research as anode materials for LIBs. Graphite is the conventional anode material for commercial LIBs. [14,15] However, its limited specific capacity, susceptibility to exfoliation by electrolytes, poor rate performance, and short cycling life do not meet the needs of rapidly developing markets for LIBs. Porous carbons are promising anode materials for LIBs because of their high specific surface areas (SSA) and interconnected nanopores that can provide effective diffusion pathways for lithium ions. In addition, porous carbons have a high specific capacity provided by the large amount of active sites, no intercalation-induced exfoliation, reasonable electrical conductivity provided by the well-interconnected carbon walls, and minimized volume change during lithium intercalation-de-intercalation.[16] Therefore, it is important to prepare porous carbons with improved porosity. So far, a number of porous carbons have been prepared by using different methods such as hard templating, [17][18][19] hydrothermal carbonization, [20] and KOH treatment. [21] In addition, good rate capability and high capacities have been achieved by using these porous carbons as anode materials in LIB systems. For carbon-based anode materials, previous studies have shown that large SSA, pore volume, and high porosity of the porous carbon facilitate the enhancement of the performance of LIBs.[17] In most cases, however, it is difficult to obtain a porous carbon that fulfills such multivariable performance requirements, especially when using traditional materials such a gelatin, [17] sucrose, [18] polyacrylonitrile, [19] biomass, [20] and polypyrrole, [21] as carbon source. In particular, traditional synthesis methods involving the carbonization of low-vapor-pressure polymeric precursors 19,21] or natural sources [20] have their respective drawbacks, which are mostly associated with cross-linking reactions that proceed with concomitant char formation or uncontrolled vaporization during high-temperature pyrolysis. [22] Conjugated microporous polymers (CMP) have received considerable research interest because of their 3D interlinked porous structure, large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET...

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Conjugated porous polymers for energy applications

Cited by 395 publications

References 82 publications

A novel intrinsically microporous ladder polymer and copolymers derived from 1,1′,2,2′-tetrahydroxy-tetraphenylethylene for membrane-based gas separation

A novel intrinsically microporous ladder polymer and copolymers derived from 1,1′,2,2′-tetrahydroxy-tetraphenylethylene for membrane-based gas separation

Principles for the Synthesis of Porous Organic Frameworks

Conjugated Microporous Polymer‐Derived Porous Hard Carbon as High‐Rate Long‐Life Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries

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