Conjugated polymers with anionic dyes: Synthesis, properties, and sensing ability for nucleosides, DNA, and BSA

Abstract

The reaction of N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)pyridinium chloride (salt[Cl − ]) with sodium salts of anionic dyes, such as acid red 52 (AR52), acid violet 49 (AV49), and coomassie brilliant blue G-250 (CBBG250) involves an anion exchange between the chloride anion of salt(Cl − ) and sulfonium anion of the dyes, resulting in the generation of novel Zincke salts, namely, salt(AR52), salt(AV49), and salt(CBBG250), respectively. Reactions of salt(AR52), salt(AV49), and salt(CBBG250) with piperazine in the absence of catalysts resulted in the opening of the pyridinium ring to yield ionic polymers comprising units of 5-piperazinium-2,4-dienylideneammonium and the corresponding dye anion, namely polymer(AR52), polymer(AV49), and polymer(SBBG250), respectively. The corresponding model compounds for the polymers were also synthesized by reacting salt(AR52), salt(AV49), and salt(CBBG250) with piperidine. Polymer(AV49) and polymer(SBBG250) were found to be suitable for the detection of nucleosides, DNA, and proteins, realized by monitoring the changes in their UV-vis absorption spectra, arising from the anionic dyes within the polymers. The polymers and the model compounds were electrochemically oxidized in solution.

Comparative AFM Studies on the Morphology of Conducting Polymers/DNA Templated Nanowires

“…Overlapping of circles where divalent charged positive ions serve as salt bridges between DNA, surface and between chains were suggested as mechanisms for network formation in DNA. Triple strand splitting and double strand DNA organisation is another similar mechanism for network formation by overcrossing of linear DNA chains (Yamaguchi et al 2021;Marchetti and Guo 2020).…”

Synthesis rifaximin with copper (Rif-Cu) and copper oxide (Rif-CuO) nanoparticles Considerable dye decolorization: An application of aerobic oxidation of eco-friendly sustainable approach

“…The number “250″ in the dye name indicates the concentration of dye, and “Coomassie” is a trademarked name owned by Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) [ 30 ]. CBB G250 is commonly used to determine protein concentration [ 31 ]. Industrial expansion and environmental pollution have negative effects on human health, with water contamination being a serious problem, particularly in wastewater from the food, beverage, leather, cosmetic, dyeing, textile, and printing industries.…”