Conjugated polymers atypically prepared in water

Invernale, Michael A.; Pendergraph, Samuel A.; Yavuz, Mustafa Selman; Ombaba, Matthew; Sotzing, Gregory A.

doi:10.1002/pola.23972

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…To date, PEDOT/PSS has been the most successfully commercialized polythiophene. Based on it, conducting polymers enclosed PEDOT attract more and more attention because of their wide commercial applications,6–11 for example, as antistatic coating materials, as transparent anodes and buffer layers in OSCs, as hole‐injection layers in OLEDs, as electrodes, and active layers in OFETs 2. In the past twenty years, vast amount of work has been carried out on the design and polymerization of EDOT analogs with novel structure and the properties of the resulting polymers 2, 3…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of alternating mammography and magnetic resonance imaging for screening women with deleterious BRCA mutations at high risk of breast cancer

Le‐Petross

Whitman

Atchley

et al. 2011

Cancer

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BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to supplement screening mammography and clinical breast examination (CBE) in women who are at high risk of developing breast cancer. In this study, the authors investigated the efficacy of alternating screening mammography and breast MRI every 6 months in women who had a genetically high risk of developing breast cancer. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on all women who were seen in a high-risk breast cancer clinic from 1997 to 2009. Patients with breast cancer gene (BRCA) mutations who underwent alternating screening mammography and breast MRI every 6 months were included in the study. Mammography, ultrasonography, MRI, and biopsy results were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 73 patients who met the study criteria, 37 had BRCA1 mutations, and 36 had BRCA2 mutations. Twenty-one patients (29%) completed 1 cycle of mammography and MRI surveillance, 23 patients (31%) completed 2 cycles, 18 patients (25%) completed 3 cycles, and patients 11 (15%) completed !4 cycles. The median follow-up was 2 years (range, 1-6 years). Thirteen cancers were detected among 11 women (15%). The mean tumor size was 14 mm (range, 1-30 mm), and 2 patients had bilateral cancers. Twelve of 13 cancers were detected on an MRI but not on the screening mammography study that was obtained 6 months earlier. One cancer (a 1-mm focus of ductal carcinoma in situ) was an incidental finding in a prophylactic mastectomy specimen. One patient had ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy identified on ultrasonography but had no evidence of lymph node involvement after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In women who were at genetically high risk of developing breast cancer, MRI detected cancers that were not identified on mammography 6 months earlier. Future prospective studies are needed to evaluate the benefits of this screening regimen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of alternating mammography and magnetic resonance imaging for screening women with deleterious BRCA mutations at high risk of breast cancer

Le‐Petross

Whitman

Atchley

et al. 2011

Cancer

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“…2,3,5 To date, PEDOT/PSS has been the most successfully commercialized polythiophene. Based on it, conducting polymers enclosed PEDOT attract more and more attention because of their wide commercial applications, [6][7][8][9][10][11] for example, as antistatic coating materials, as transparent anodes and buffer layers in OSCs, as hole-injection layers in OLEDs, as electrodes, and active layers in OFETs. 2 In the past twenty years, vast amount of work has been carried out on the design and polymerization of EDOT analogs with novel structure and the properties of the resulting polymers.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 (BDOT); 12,13 (2) sulfur analogs, 3,4-methylenedithiathiophene (MDTT), 3,4-ethylenedithiathiophene (EDTT), EDTT-R (R ¼ Br, CH 2 OH etc. ), 3,4-propylenedithiathiophene (PDTT), and thieno [3,4-b]-1,4-oxathiane (EOTT); [14][15][16][17][18] (3) selenium analogs, 3,4-ethylenedioxyselenophene (EDOS), 3,4-propylenedioxyselenophene (PDOS), PEDOS-R 2 (R 2 ¼ C n H 2nþ1 , n ¼ 4, 6, 10), 3,4ethylenedithioselenophene (EDTS), seleno [3,4-b]-1,4-oxathiane (EOTS), and 3,4-ethylenediselenathiophene (EDST); [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] (4) nitrous analogs, 3,4-methylenedioxypyrrole (MDOPy), 3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole (EDOPy), 3,4-propylenedioxypyrrole (PDOPy), 3,4-butylenedioxypyrrole (BDOPy), 3,4-methylenedithiopyrrole (MDTPy), and 3,4-ethylenedithiopyrrole (EDTPy); [26][27][28][29] (5) phosphorous analog, 3,4-ethylenedithiaphosphole (EDPP); 30 (6) oxygenic analogs, 3,4-ethylendithiafurane (EDTF), 3,4-ethylenedioxyfuran (EDOF), and 3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno [3,4-b]pyran (EDTP); [31][32][33] (7) telluric analog, 3,4-ethylenedioxytellurophene (EDOTe) as a predicted structure based on 3,4dimethoxytellurophene (DMOTe). 34 Structures of the above are summarized in Scheme 2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic study on chemical oxidative and solid‐state polymerization of poly(3,4‐ethylenedithiathiophene)

Chen

Duan

et al. 2012

J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem.

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Systematic research on the synthesis, chemical oxidative polymerization of 3,4‐ethylenedithiathiophene (EDTT) in the presence of surfactants or not, and solid‐state polymerization of 2,5‐dibromo‐3,4‐ethylenedithiathiophene (DBEDTT) and 2,5‐diiodo‐3,4‐ethylenedithiathiophene (DIEDTT) under solventless and oxidant‐free conditions has been investigated. Effects of oxidants (Fe3+ salts, persulfate salts, peroxides, and Ce4+ salts), solvents (H2O, CH3CN/H2O, and CH3CN), surfactants, and so forth on polymerization reactions and properties of poly(3,4‐ethylenedithiathiophene) (PEDTT) were discussed. Characterizations indicated that FeCl3 was more suitable oxidant for oxidative polymerization of EDTT, while CH3CN was a better solvent to form PEDTT powders with higher yields and electrical conductivities. Dispersing these powders in aqueous polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSH) solution showed better stability and film‐forming property than sodium dodecylsulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate. Oxidative polymerization of EDTT in aqueous PSSH solutions formed the solution processable PEDTT dispersions with good storing stability and film‐forming performance. Solvent treatment showed indistinctive effect on electrical conductivity of free‐standing PEDTT films. As‐formed PEDTT synthesized from solid‐state polymerization showed similar electrical conductivity, poorer stability, but better thermoelectric property than oxidative polymerization. Contrastingly, PEDTT synthesized from DIEDTT showed higher electrical conductivity (0.18 S cm−1) than DBEDTT which showed better thermoelectric property with higher power factor value (6.7 × 10−9 W m−1 K−2). © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012

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“…Afterwards, dibromo- or diiodoEDOT is added and a Ni(II) catalyst promotes the coupling to give terEDOT [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ]. Kumada reaction was also applied to the synthesis of other unsubstituted EDOT-based trimers, such as thiophene-EDOT-thiophene [ 60 , 61 ] or EDOT-Thiophene-EDOT [ 62 , 63 ]. In alternative, Suzuki [ 64 , 65 , 66 ] and Stille [ 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ] coupling reactions offer valuable routes for the synthesis of EDOT-based trimers.…”

Section: Trimer Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Examples of ether-substituted trimers. ( I ) [ 288 ]; ( II ) [ 281 ]; ( III ) [ 305 ]; ( IV ) [ 62 ]. …”

Section: Figures and Schemesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thiophene-Based Trimers and Their Bioapplications: An Overview

et al. 2021

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Certainly, the success of polythiophenes is due in the first place to their outstanding electronic properties and superior processability. Nevertheless, there are additional reasons that contribute to arouse the scientific interest around these materials. Among these, the large variety of chemical modifications that is possible to perform on the thiophene ring is a precious aspect. In particular, a turning point was marked by the diffusion of synthetic strategies for the preparation of terthiophenes: the vast richness of approaches today available for the easy customization of these structures allows the finetuning of their chemical, physical, and optical properties. Therefore, terthiophene derivatives have become an extremely versatile class of compounds both for direct application or for the preparation of electronic functional polymers. Moreover, their biocompatibility and ease of functionalization make them appealing for biology and medical research, as it testifies to the blossoming of studies in these fields in which they are involved. It is thus with the willingness to guide the reader through all the possibilities offered by these structures that this review elucidates the synthetic methods and describes the full chemical variety of terthiophenes and their derivatives. In the final part, an in-depth presentation of their numerous bioapplications intends to provide a complete picture of the state of the art.

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Conjugated polymers atypically prepared in water

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Effectiveness of alternating mammography and magnetic resonance imaging for screening women with deleterious BRCA mutations at high risk of breast cancer

Effectiveness of alternating mammography and magnetic resonance imaging for screening women with deleterious BRCA mutations at high risk of breast cancer

Systematic study on chemical oxidative and solid‐state polymerization of poly(3,4‐ethylenedithiathiophene)

Thiophene-Based Trimers and Their Bioapplications: An Overview

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