Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Two‐Photon Imaging of Endothelial Cells in a Tissue Model

Rahim, Nur Aida Abdul; McDaniel, W. Caleb; Bardon, Kevin M.; Srinivasan, Shalini; Vickerman, Vernella; So, Peter T. C.; Moon, Joong Ho

doi:10.1002/adma.200900416

Cited by 127 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…13 As a result of these attractive properties, CPNs find use as alternative color convertors, or molecular beacons, in various biotechnology 1,3,4 and optoelectronic applications. 6,9,10,13,14 The emission of color convertors, including CPNs, can be enhanced via the Forster-type nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) (also dubbed as Forster resonance energy transfer, FRET), which basically relies on the exciton−exciton interactions between the donor and acceptor emitters.…”

Section: * S Supporting Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6−12 One of the most attractive features of CPNs is the convenient tunability and control of their properties through the choice and functionalization of the polymer and the surface modification of nanoparticles. Furthermore, CPNs exhibit low toxicity, 13 and their mechanical stability can be enhanced through cross-linking.14 Their optical properties arise from the controlled conformational changes of the polymer and their aggregation form rather than the quantum confinement effects, in contrast with inorganic nanoparticles, for example, colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs).13 As a result of these attractive properties, CPNs find use as alternative color convertors, or molecular beacons, in various biotechnology 1,3,4 and optoelectronic applications. 6,9,10,13,14 The emission of color convertors, including CPNs, can be enhanced via the Forster-type nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) (also dubbed as Forster resonance energy transfer, FRET), which basically relies on the exciton−exciton interactions between the donor and acceptor emitters.…”

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Morphology-Dependent Energy Transfer of Polyfluorene Nanoparticles Decorating InGaN/GaN Quantum-Well Nanopillars

et al. 2013

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Conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs), prepared in aqueous dispersion from poly[(9,9-bis{3-bromopropyl}fluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(1,4-benzo-{2,1,3}-thiodiazole)] (PFBT-Br), are incorporated into a nanopillar architecture of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) to demonstrate a new organic/inorganic class of nanostructured excitonic model system. This hybrid system enables intimate integration for strong exciton−exciton interactions through nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) between the integrated CPNs and MQW pillars. The NRET of these excitonic systems is systematically investigated at varied temperatures. In these hybrids, InGaN/GaN MQWs serve as the donor of the NRET pair, while immobilized PFBT-Br polymer serves as the acceptor. To understand morphology-dependent NRET, PFBT-Br CPNs coating InGaN/GaN MQWs are made to defold into polymer chains by in situ treatment with a good solvent (THF). The experimental results indicate that NRET is significantly stronger in the case of CPNs compared with their defolded polymer chains. At room temperature, while the NRET efficiency of open polymer chains−nanopillar system is only 10%, PFBT-Br CPNs exhibit a substantially higher NRET efficiency of 33% (preserving the total number of polymer molecules). The NRET efficiency of the nanoparticle systems is observed to be 25% at 250 K, 22% at 200 K, 19% at 150 K, and 15% at 100 K. On the other hand, the defolded polymer chains exhibit significantly lower NRET efficiencies of 17% at 250 K, 16% at 200 K, 11% at 150 K, and 5% at 100 K. This work may potentially open up new opportunities for the hybrid organic/inorganic systems where strong excitonic interactions are desired for light generation, light harvesting, and sensing applications. C onjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) attract significant attention for important applications including bioimaging, 1−3 biosensing, 4,5 and optoelectronics. 6−12 One of the most attractive features of CPNs is the convenient tunability and control of their properties through the choice and functionalization of the polymer and the surface modification of nanoparticles. Furthermore, CPNs exhibit low toxicity, 13 and their mechanical stability can be enhanced through cross-linking.14 Their optical properties arise from the controlled conformational changes of the polymer and their aggregation form rather than the quantum confinement effects, in contrast with inorganic nanoparticles, for example, colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs).13 As a result of these attractive properties, CPNs find use as alternative color convertors, or molecular beacons, in various biotechnology 1,3,4 and optoelectronic applications. 6,9,10,13,14 The emission of color convertors, including CPNs, can be enhanced via the Forster-type nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) (also dubbed as Forster resonance energy transfer, FRET), which basically relies on the exciton−exciton interactions between the donor and acceptor emitters. 15 For example, polymers, 16 organic dyes, 17 inorganic QDs, 18 and epitaxial quan...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Morphology-Dependent Energy Transfer of Polyfluorene Nanoparticles Decorating InGaN/GaN Quantum-Well Nanopillars

et al. 2013

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“…When plotting the lifetime measurements of each pixel into a single polar plot (a sine and cosine transform of temporal decay information into the spectral domain [34,35]) the lifetime of individual pixels cluster around a single location located on the universal circle as expected for single exponential decay processes as shown in Fig. 2 The high data acquisition speed of the developed instrument is demonstrated by FLIM imaging of fixed fibroblasts loaded with conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) of high two-photon cross section previously measured in excess of 15,000 GM [36]. Wide-field twophoton lifetime resolved imaging is fundamentally limited by the need to simultaneously and optimally excite fluorophores within a large area plane via two-photon absorption.…”

Section: Fluorescence Lifetime Measurement Performance and Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-resolved fluorescence and phosphorescence lifetime imaging using temporal focusing wide-field two-photon excitation

Choi¹,

Tzeranis²,

Won³

et al. 2012

Opt. Express

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Fluorescence and phosphorescence lifetime imaging are powerful techniques for studying intracellular protein interactions and for diagnosing tissue pathophysiology. While lifetime-resolved microscopy has long been in the repertoire of the biophotonics community, current implementations fall short in terms of simultaneously providing 3D resolution, high throughput, and good tissue penetration. This report describes a new highly efficient lifetime-resolved imaging method that combines temporal focusing wide-field multiphoton excitation and simultaneous acquisition of lifetime information in frequency domain using a nanosecond gated imager from a 3D-resolved plane. This approach is scalable allowing fast volumetric imaging limited only by the available laser peak power. The accuracy and performance of the proposed method is demonstrated in several imaging studies important for understanding peripheral nerve regeneration processes. Most importantly, the parallelism of this approach may enhance the imaging speed of long lifetime processes such as phosphorescence by several orders of magnitude. 291-295 (1996). 6. K. König, P. T. So, W. W. Mantulin, B. J. Tromberg, and E. Gratton, "Two-photon excited lifetime imaging of autofluorescence in cells during UVA and NIR photostress," J. Microsc. 183(Pt 3), 197-204 (1996). 7. J. R. Lakowicz, "Emerging applications of fluorescence spectroscopy to cellular imaging: lifetime imaging, metal-ligand probes, multi-photon excitation and light quenching," Scanning Microsc. Suppl. 10, 213-224 (1996 high-resolution measurements reveal a lack of correlation," Nat. Med. 3(2), 177-182 (1997). 14. I. P. Torres Filho, M. Leunig, F. Yuan, M. Intaglietta, and R. K. Jain, "Noninvasive measurement of microvascular and interstitial oxygen profiles in a human tumor in SCID mice," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. French, "Excitation-resolved hyperspectral fluorescence lifetime imaging using a UV-extended supercontinuum source," Opt. Lett. 32(23), 3408-3410 (2007). 32.

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“…1, 2 Owing to their excellent photophysical (i.e., high brightness and photostability) and biophysical properties (i.e., high cellular entry and nontoxicity), CPNs have recently gained much attention for microscopic live cell/tissue imaging, 3–5 biological sensing, 6, 7 and nucleic acid delivery. 8, 9 By introducing non-conjugated degradable linkers along the conjugated backbones, we have synthesized biodegradable CPs exhibiting similar fluorescent properties of fully conjugated CPs.…”

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Mitochondria-specific conjugated polymer nanoparticles

et al. 2016

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Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles for Two‐Photon Imaging of Endothelial Cells in a Tissue Model

Cited by 127 publications

References 26 publications

Morphology-Dependent Energy Transfer of Polyfluorene Nanoparticles Decorating InGaN/GaN Quantum-Well Nanopillars

Morphology-Dependent Energy Transfer of Polyfluorene Nanoparticles Decorating InGaN/GaN Quantum-Well Nanopillars

3D-resolved fluorescence and phosphorescence lifetime imaging using temporal focusing wide-field two-photon excitation

Mitochondria-specific conjugated polymer nanoparticles

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