Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Heterogeneous Catalysis

Abstract

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are a class of crosslinked polymers that combine permanent micropores with p-conjugated skeletons and possess three-dimensional (3D) networks. Compared with conventionalm aterials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), CMPs usually have superior chemical and thermals tability.C MPs have made significant progress in heterogeneous catalysis in the past seven years. With ab ottom-up strategy,c atalytic moietiesc an be directly introduced into in the framework to produce heterogeneous CMP catalysts. Higher activity,s tability,a nd selectivity can be obtained with heterogeneousC MP catalysts in comparison with their homogeneous analogs.I na ddition, CMP catalysts can be easily isolated and recycled. In this review,w ef ocus on CMPs as an intriguing platform for developingv arious highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts in organic reactions. The design, synthesis, and structure of these CMP catalysts are also discussed in this focus review.

Sulfonated Hyper‐cross‐linked Porous Polyacetylene Networks as Versatile Heterogeneous Acid Catalysts

“…The development of heterogeneous catalysts with permanent and well‐defined porosity is one of the main goals of research in the field of catalysis. The Porous Polymer Catalysts, PPCs, represent a new, interesting and promising subclass of such heterogeneous catalysts . The PPCs are insoluble and non‐swellable polymers containing permanent pores in the size range of micropores and in some cases also mesopores and the catalytically active centers as the part of the micro/mesoporous surface.…”

“…The Porous Polymer Catalysts, PPCs, represent a new, interesting and promising subclass of such heterogeneous catalysts. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The PPCs are insoluble and nonswellable polymers containing permanent pores in the size range of micropores and in some cases also mesopores and the catalytically active centers as the part of the micro/mesoporous surface. In terms of polymer architecture, the PPCs are highly aromatic polymer networks the permanent porosity of which results from the rigidity of the network segments and extensive cross-linking.…”

Porous Organic Polymers for Polysulfide Trapping in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

“…Recent research advances have demonstrated that POPs are one type of promising materials as sulfur hosts, interlayers, and separators. However, to our best knowledge, the reviews for POPs are mainly focused on gas storage and separation, sensor, proton conductivity, drug delivery, and heterogeneous catalysis, POPs applications in Li–S batteries have not been systematically summarized hitherto.…”

Hierarchical Porous and Zinc‐Ion‐Crosslinked PIM‐1 Nanocomposite as a CO2 Cycloaddition Catalyst with High Efficiency

“…[17] Thus, microporous polymers are good candidates fort he fabrication of high-activity catalysts, including MOFs, [11a, 18] covalent organic frameworks (COFs), [19] polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), [20] hyper-crosslinked polymers (HCPs), [21] and conjugated microporous polymers (CMP). [22] Among them, PIMs are distinguished for their easy processability.L inear PIMs are soluble in some organic solvents and usually have modifiable end groups.P IM-1 is at ypical PIM with nitrile groups on thep olymer backbone. The pendant nitrile groups can be converted into carboxyl groups by one-step hydrolysis in basic solution.…”