Conjugated Linoleic Acid (CLA), Body Fat, and Apoptosis*

Miner, Jess L.; Cederberg, Chris A.; Nielsen, Marie Vejrup; Chen, Xiaoli; Baile, Clifton A.

doi:10.1038/oby.2001.16

Cited by 93 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…Trans-10,cis-12 CLA reduces lipogenesis in human 37 and mice adipocytes, decreasing sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) expression in vivo 39 . Trans-10,cis-12 CLA also induces adipocyte apoptosis in mice [39][40][41][42][43] , perhaps mediated by an increase in tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) 39 , but the effects of CLA on lipolysis in vivo and in vitro are conflicting 10,38 . Data regarding its effects on preadipocyte differentiation are inconclusive, possibly depending on species, CLA isomer and experimental conditions 4,37 .…”

Section: Effects Of Conjugated Linoleic Acid On Adipocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and obesity

Silveira

Carraro

Monereo

et al. 2007

Public Health Nutr.

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Background: The term conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to several positional and geometric conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid (LA), of which the trans-10,cis-12 isomer has been reported to reduce adiposity and increase lean mass in mice and other animals when included at #1% of the diet. However, most dietary CLA in humans is obtained from dairy products, accounting for the cis-9,trans-11 CLA isomer, also known as rumenic acid, for more than 90% of the total CLA intake. Commercial CLA preparations industrially produced, containing trans-10,cis-12 and cis-9,trans-11 CLA isomers in diverse proportions, are attracting consumers' interest because of the purported body fat-lowering effects of CLA, coupled to the perception of a 'natural' compound devoid of harmful effects. Nevertheless, despite numerous studies on CLA effects on body composition for nearly a decade, the mechanisms by which CLA isomers elicit their effects remain largely unknown. The purpose of this paper is to provide an updated review of the studies performed on animals and humans, as well as to describe the potential mechanisms involved in CLA effects on body weight and composition and metabolism. Method: Literature review. Results: Experiments in humans have not been able to show a significant effect on body weight, body composition or weight regain related to either of the CLA isomers. In fact, some studies suggest a tendency towards a decrease in body fat mass and an increase in body lean mass, while some others raise concern about the possibility of deleterious effects of trans-10,cis-12 CLA on lipid profile, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: Evidence regarding effectiveness of CLA in humans is not concluding.

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Section: Effects Of Conjugated Linoleic Acid On Adipocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and obesity

Silveira

Carraro

Monereo

et al. 2007

Public Health Nutr.

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“…3,[5][6][7] However, effects on body weight are controversial. Some investigators found reduced body weight after a CLA diet, 4,5,7 whereas others found no effect 3,6,[9][10][11] or an increase in body weight. 11 Furthermore, CLA intake has been associated with an increased energy expenditure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some investigators found reduced body weight after a CLA diet, 4,5,7 whereas others found no effect 3,6,[9][10][11] or an increase in body weight. 11 Furthermore, CLA intake has been associated with an increased energy expenditure. 4,9,12 Only a few human studies have been conducted to study the effect of CLA on body weight, body mass index (BMI) and/or fat mass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation after weight loss on body weight regain, body composition, and resting metabolic rate in overweight subjects

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of 13 weeks conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation in overweight subjects after weight loss on weight regain, body composition, resting metabolic rate, substrate oxidation, and blood plasma parameters. DESIGN: This study had a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized design. Subjects were first submitted to a very-lowcalorie diet (VLCD 2.1 MJ/d) for 3 weeks after which they started with the 13-week intervention period. They either received 1.8 g CLA or placebo per day (low dosage, LD) or 3.6 g CLA or placebo per day (high dosage, HD). SUBJECTS: A total of 26 men and 28 women (age 37.877.7 y; body mass index (BMI) 27.871.5 kg/m 2 ). MEASUREMENTS: Before VLCD (t ¼ À3), after VLCD but before CLA or placebo intervention (t ¼ 0) and after 13-week CLA or placebo intervention (t ¼ 13), body weight, body composition (hydrodensitometry and deuterium dilution), resting metabolic rate, substrate oxidation, physical activity, and blood plasma parameters (glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, glycerol and b-hydroxy butyrate) were measured. RESULTS: The VLCD significantly lowered body weight (6.971.7%), %body fat, fat mass, fat-free mass, resting metabolic rate, respiratory quotient and plasma glucose, insulin, and triacylglycerol concentrations, while free fatty acids, glycerol and b-hydroxy butyrate concentrations were increased. Multiple regression analysis showed that at the end of the 13-week intervention, CLA did not affect %body weight regain (CLA LD 47.9788.2%, CLA HD 27.4729.8%, Placebo LD 32.0742.8%, Placebo HD 22.5737.9%). The regain of fat-free mass was increased by CLA (LD 6.273.9, HD 4.672.4%) compared to placebo (LD 2.873.2%, HD 3.473.6%), independent of %body weight regain and physical activity. As a consequence of an increased regain of fat-free mass by CLA, resting metabolic rate was increased by CLA (LD 12.0711.4%, HD 13.7714.4%) compared to placebo (LD 9.1711.0%, HD 8.678.5%). Substrate oxidation and blood plasma parameters were not affected by CLA. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the regain of fat-free mass was favorably, dose-independently affected by a 13-week consumption of 1.8 or 3.6 g CLA/day and consequently increased the resting metabolic rate. However, it did not result in improved body weight maintenance after weight loss.

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“…The reduction that we found in the mRNA expression of these transcriptional factors, induced by trans-10,cis-12, paralleled changes observed in ACC and FAS. Concerning the effects of CLA on liver, several studies in mice have shown that trans-10,cis-12 increased liver weight [8][9][10][11][12][13]. In some of these trials, hepatic triacylglycerol content was measured and it was concluded that hepatomegaly was due to lipid accumulation [5,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%