Conjugated linoleic acid ameliorates hepatic steatosis by modulating intestinal permeability and gut microbiota in ob/ob mice

Abstract

Background: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is an effective supplement for reducing fat mass, but its effect on hepatic steatosis remains controversial.
 Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of CLA on liver fat accumulation, inflammation, gut microbiome, and intestinal barrier integrity.
 Design: Wild-type (WT) mice and ob/ob (OB) mice were randomly divided into four groups according to the treatment with/without 1% CLA: WT, WT mice treated with CLA (WT-CLA), OB, and OB mice treated with CLA (OB-CLA). Lipid metabolism and hepatic fat accumulation were evaluated by changes in histological and biochemical parameters. Gene expressions related to liver inflammation and intestinal barrier integrity were examined. The effect of CLA on the gut microbiota population was investigated.
 Results: The body weight, fatty tissue mass, and serum lipid levels of the WT-CLA group and OB-CLA group were separately lower than those of the WT group and OB group, but the livers of the WT-CLA group had more fatty lipids, higher triglyceride properties, and saturated fatty acid (FA) composition than those of the WT group, which was contrary to the effect of CLA on OB mice. Real time quantitative PCR results showed that CLA increased hepatic inflammation and intestinal permeability in the WT mice, while it significantly decreased the mRNA expression of liver TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β and markedly ameliorated intestinal tight junction proteins in the OB mice. The gut microbiota testing indicated a higher abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, Dubosiella, Oscillibacter, and Anaerostipes) and a lower abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria (e.g., Tyzzerella and Alistipes) in the OB-CLA group than those of the OB group. Correlation analysis suggested that gut microbiota correlated with liver inflammation, intestinal permeability, and hepatic FA composition.
 Conclusion: CLA potentially contributed to ameliorating hepatic steatosis in OB mice via modulating liver inflammation, intestinal permeability, and gut microbiota, which suggests CLA is more suitable for people with obesity or overweight.

Development of the gut microbiota in healthy twins during the first 2 years of life and associations with body mass index z-score: Results from the Wuhan twin birth cohort study

“…This study analyzed the gut microbiota of 204 twins from 129 families at three age stages and demonstrated that five gut microbiota, genera Akkermansia, Parabacteroides, Clostridium innocuum group, Roseburia , and Anaerostipes , were correlated with BMI_Z. As short-chain fatty acid producers, Akkermansia, Roseburia , and Anaerostipes were previously reported to be associated with obesity in animal models and adults ( Pinart et al, 2021 ; Gao et al, 2022 ; Pai et al, 2022 ; Xu et al, 2022 ; Zou et al, 2022 ). There were only two studies that reported a positive association between Akkermansia and BMI_Z in early childhood in singleton children, which was consistent with our findings ( Houtman et al, 2022 ; Reyna et al, 2022 ).…”

Fate, uptake and gut toxicity of two colloidal silver products in mice: how micro X-ray fluorescence, micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy provide new insights in food nanotoxicology

“…The Anaerovoraceae family has been associated with diabetic retinopathy. 81 The Tyzzerella genus has not been characterized per se but is often associated, together with other genera, with inflammation, [82][83][84] poor lifestyles 83,85 and diseases such as type 2 diabetes, 86 cardiovascular disease risk profile, 87 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 88 and colorectal adenoma. 89 Thus, exposure to Mesosilver™ or AgC can deplete important beneficial bacterial taxa of the gut microbiota and increase the abundance of detrimental ones, although further characterization of identified genera is required.…”

Flavonoids from Lycium barbarum leaves attenuate obesity through modulating glycolipid levels, oxidative stress, and gut bacterial composition in high-fat diet-fed mice

“…Yang et al ( 60 ) also found that enrichment of several members of Alistipes genus seriously impaired gut barrier function. Additionally, according to Gao et al ( 61 ), the enrichment of the proinflammatory bacteria of the Alistipes genus might cause hepatic inflammation by managing mRNA expression of intestinal tight junctions proteins such as ZO-1, occludin that would then increase intestinal permeability. One of the specific microorganisms in the HFD group and a role in the serum rise of TC and TG were said to be the Turicibacter genus ( 62 ).…”