Conjoined twins—early prenatal diagnosis

Successfully separated conjoined twins at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children Kabul Afghanistan

“…The rest of conjoined twins types based on anatomy are parapagus dicephalous (11.6%), cephalopagus (5.5%),omphalopagus (5.5%), craniopagus (3.4%), parapagus diprosopus (2.9%), ischiopagus (1.8%) and rachipagus (1%). About 24.1% of conjoined twins cannot be categorized anatomically (unspecified) [2] . Conjoined twins can be diagnosed as early as 8 weeks of gestation [5] .…”

“…Conjoined twins can be diagnosed as early as 8 weeks of gestation [5] . Ultrasonography is the first mean for diagnosing conjoined twins in the first trimester [2] . Performing MRI is important since it provides crucial information about anatomy and prepares the surgical team for better separation [3] .…”

“…The incidence of conjoined twins is rare. If the split happens after embryonic disk formation (after 12th days of conception), and the division is incomplete, it leads to conjoined twins formation [1] , [2] .…”

“…This situation happens in 1% of monozygotic twin pregnancy [2] , with the incidence of 1.5/50000 to 1/500000 births with a 3:1 male to female ratio [3] . Conjoined twins can be divided into two main categories: parasite and symmetrical.…”

Heterotopic Quadruplet Pregnancy. Literature Review and Case Report

“…An early ultrasonographic diagnosis of multiple pregnancies is mandatory, in order to establish a normal intrauterine localization, chronicity, and to detect different abnormal major structural defects. In extremely rare cases, the late splitting of the embryonic mass in two can lead to a conjoined twin pregnancy, with its major complication [ 19 ].…”