Conical nanopore membranes: solvent shaping of nanopores

Scopece, Paolo; Baker, Lane A.; Ugo, Paolo; Martin, Charles R.

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/17/15/057

Cited by 79 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The application of a potential across the membrane is stopped as soon as a monitoring ammeter records an increase in the current that passes through the membrane up to reaching a pre-set value, typically 1 mA (40). The membrane is then immediately immersed (both sides) in the stopping medium, thus blocking the asymmetric etching.…”

Section: 3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The membrane is then immediately immersed (both sides) in the stopping medium, thus blocking the asymmetric etching. At the end of the process, conical nanopores of controlled shape are obtained (37,40). It was also shown that the addition of alcohols (such as methanol, ethanol, or propanol) to the etch solution allows further control of the etching rate (24) and the V B /V T ratio (40, 41).…”

Section: 3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Track-etched membranes can be dissolved by using suitable organic solvents such as CH 2 Cl 2 for PC (3,47) (40). Polymers can also be etched by treatment with oxygen plasma (82).…”

Section: Separation From the Templatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Template Deposition of Metals

Ugo

Moretto

2007

Handbook of Electrochemistry

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Template synthesis is a relatively simple and easy procedure which has made the fabrication of rather sophisticated nanomaterials accessible to almost any laboratory. Template synthesis requires access to instrumentation capable of metal sputtering and electrochemical deposition. The characterization of the fabricated nanostructures can be done using instrumental techniques including spectrophotometry, voltammetry, optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and electronic microscopies (scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)).The method is based on the simple but effective idea that the pores of a host material can be used as a template to direct the growth of new materials. Historically, template synthesis was introduced by Possin (1) and refined by Williams and Giordano (2) who prepared different metallic nanowires with widths as small as 10 nm within the pores of etched nuclear damaged tracks in mica. It was further developed by Martin's group (3-5) and followed by others (6) with the number of examples and applications (7) continually increasing. The nanoporous membranes usually employed as templates are alumina or track-etched polymeric membranes which are widely used as ultrafiltration membranes. Recently, metal nanostructures have also been obtained using the pores created by self-assembly in block copolymer structures under the influence of electric fields and high temperatures (8, 9).The first part of this section focuses on the main characteristics and fabrication techniques used for obtaining templating membranes and depositing metal nanostructures by suitable electroless and electrochemical procedures. Methods such as sol-gel (10-12) or chemical vapor deposition (10, 13), which have been used primarily for the template deposition of carbon, oxides, or semiconducting-based materials, will not be considered here in detail. The second part of the section focuses on the electrochemical properties of the fabricated nanomaterials with emphasis on the characteristics and applications of nanoelectrode ensembles (NEEs). Templating membranes 16.2.2

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Section: 3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 3)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Template Deposition of Metals

Ugo

Moretto

2007

Handbook of Electrochemistry

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“…21 Other investigations in their laboratory have created asymmetric nanopores in track-etched polymer membranes via etching of the nuclear damage tracks with KOH/ethanol from one side of the membrane with an acidic "stop" solution opposite. 22 Half-angles up to 4.4°were obtained yielding entrance to exit aperture ratios as large as 2:1.…”

Section: Single Nanocapillary Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional integrated microfluidic architectures enabled through electrically switchable nanocapillary array membranes

et al. 2007

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The extension of microfluidic devices to three dimensions requires innovative methods to interface fluidic layers. Externally controllable interconnects employing nanocapillary array membranes ͑NCAMs͒ have been exploited to produce hybrid three-dimensional fluidic architectures capable of performing linked sequential chemical manipulations of great power and utility. Because the solution Debye length, −1 , is of the order of the channel diameter, a, in the nanopores, fluidic transfer is controlled through applied bias, polarity and density of the immobile nanopore surface charge, solution ionic strength and the impedance of the nanopore relative to the microfluidic channels. Analyte transport between vertically separated microchannels can be saturated at two stable transfer levels, corresponding to reverse and forward bias. These NCAM-mediated integrated microfluidic architectures have been used to achieve highly reproducible and tunable injections down to attoliter volumes, sample stacking for preconcentration, preparative analyte band collection from an electrophoretic separation, and an actively-tunable sizedependent transport in hybrid structures with grafted polymers displaying thermally-regulated swelling behavior. The synthetic elaboration of the nanopore interior has also been used to great effect to realize molecular separations of high efficiency. All of these manipulations depend critically on the transport properties of individual nanocapillaries, and the study of transport in single nanopores has recently attracted significant attention. Both computation and experimental studies have utilized single nanopores as test beds to understand the fundamental chemical and physical properties of chemistry and fluid flow at nanometer length scales.

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“…The swelling process can be explained by a diffusion process of alcohol into the polymer chains along the tracks. Ethanol effects a destruction of the two-dimensional order of the polycarbonate chains, which are normally well packed and parallel [29].…”

Section: Hierarchical Shapes -Nanowhiskersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Nanowires, Nanotubes, and Hierarchical Nanopatterns: One-Dimensional Architectures using Ion Track Etched Templates

Neetzel

Muench

Schachtsiek

et al. 2012

Trans. Mat. Res. Soc. Japan

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A high amount of publications about syntheses and application prospects for nanometer sized copper and the related oxide materials have been denoted during the last decades. This is most notably due to their amazing physical and chemical properties compared to the bulk material which result out of their high surface area to volume ratio. Particularly, their applicability in the new design of electronic and optical devices seems to be quite forward-looking. However, most of the application prospects require shapes with accurate dimensions and geometries. To meet the requirements, the preparation process by using ion track etched polycarbonate foils is very advantageous. Here, foils are irradiated with heavy ions in order to produce stochastically distributed tracks which are chemically etched to pores of desired diameters. Afterwards, the pores are filled with copper by either electrodeposition or chemical plating techniques. We investigated the availability of differently-shaped one-dimensional nanomaterials by applying diverse etch procedures in order to achieve symmetric and asymmetric pore cavities of the template. Furthermore, the availability of hierarchical cuprite structures by chemical treatment of produced wires is reported.

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Conical nanopore membranes: solvent shaping of nanopores

Cited by 79 publications

References 25 publications

Template Deposition of Metals

Template Deposition of Metals

Three-dimensional integrated microfluidic architectures enabled through electrically switchable nanocapillary array membranes

Copper Nanowires, Nanotubes, and Hierarchical Nanopatterns: One-Dimensional Architectures using Ion Track Etched Templates

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