Congenitally missing mandibular second premolars: Clinical options

Prevalence of hypodontia in Chinese orthodontic patients

“…[15][16][17] The exact mechanism for initiation of ankylosis was not known. Infraoccluded deciduous molars were believed to remain static while the adjacent teeth move vertically with growth and development of the alveolar process.…”

Prevalence of hypodontia of permanent dentition in a sample of orthodontic patients In Erbil City: An orthopantomograph study

“…[10][11][12] The differences in prevalence may be due to variation in samples with respect to measuring techniques, different methods of radiography and clinical examinations, age, gender, geographic or demographic profiles. 11,[13][14][15] The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence and distribution of hypodontia in Erbil orthodontic patients in relation to the site, jaw, tooth types, and gender.…”

Management of mandibular second premolar agenesis

“…However, mesiodistal diameter should be reduced, as the deciduous molar is wider than a 1.2-mm premolar, so as obtain a space suited to future implantation 15 .…”

“…The drawback with early deciduous 2 nd molar extraction lies in the thinning of the bone crest: alveolar crest thickness in the space is reduced by 25% over the first 3 years (from 11.5 mm to 8.5 mm), then by 4% over the following 4 years 26 , more on the vestibular than on the lingual side 15 .…”