Congenital tuberculosis in a neonate following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer: A case report

Abstract

BackgroundCongenital tuberculosis is becoming increasingly common, but congenital tuberculosis infection in neonates following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) has been rarely reported; a diagnosis of congenital tuberculosis is often delayed due to the non-specificity of maternal IVF treatments and clinical manifestations during pregnancy—particularly in low-birth-weight preterm infants.Case presentationWe herein report a case of congenital tuberculosis. The infant was born at 27+5 weeks of gestation and was admitted to the hospital due to hypopnea after birth. Due to a poor response to treatment, we conducted pathogenic microorganism metagenomic analysis to assess the nucleotide sequences within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. After collecting sputum, the strains from the tuberculosis analysis were isolated and confirmed. From a detailed examination of the mother and in accordance with the child's congenital tuberculosis, we confirmed the diagnosis of pelvic tuberculosis.ConclusionIVF treatment and pregnancy can exacerbate latent tuberculosis, especially in women from a family with a history of tuberculosis infections. We posit that the optimal way to prevent neonatal congenital tuberculosis in IVF-ET is to procure a detailed maternal medical or family history and to identify and treat maternal tuberculosis during IVF treatment.

The Effect of Latent Tuberculosis Infection on Ovarian Reserve and Pregnancy Outcomes among Infertile Women Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination: A Retrospective Cohort Study with Propensity Score Matching

“…Changes in women's immune systems during pregnancy would make them more susceptible to active TB, and delayed or missed diagnosis of TB in women undergoing active ART treatment can be potentially life threatening for the mother and devastating for conceived pregnancies [12]. Systemic hematogenous dissemination of TB after oocyte pick-up, transplacental fetal transmission of TB, and adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes such as preterm birth, miscarriage, and maternal and infant death have been reported [37,38,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. Therefore, the Swedish national guidelines recommend that pregnant women, especially those in high-risk areas, should be screened for TB systematically, which is helpful for early detection and treatment of LTBI and asymptomatic active TB [55].…”

Genital tuberculosis, infertility and assisted reproduction

“…]. Furthermore, additive concerns re-heightened by reports of transplacental fetal transmission with consequences that have ranged from late miscarriage to preterm birth to cases of congenital TB [14][15][16].…”

“…Systemic hematogenous dissemination of maternal TB infection following attempts at transvaginal oocyte retrieval have been described [12 ▪ ,13 ▪▪ ]. Furthermore, additive concerns re-heightened by reports of transplacental fetal transmission with consequences that have ranged from late miscarriage to preterm birth to cases of congenital TB [14–16].…”