Congenital tremor in Holstein Friesian‐cattle

Bethlehem, M; Gruys, E.; Elving, L.D.

doi:10.1080/01652176.1992.9694329

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Attending to the classification of Bhidayasiri [20], case 4 showed a low frequency resting tremor. A similar kind of tremor has already been described in the literature in Holstein Friesian cattle [28]. In that work, the tremor was attributed to microscopic degenerative lesions in the white substance of spinal cord and brain, more concretely demyelinitation in both ventral and dorsal radicles.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Split spinal cord malformations in 4 Holstein Friesian calves

et al. 2019

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Background The split spinal cord malformation (SSCM) is an uncommon congenital malformation of the vertebral canal in which parts of the spinal cord are longitudinally duplicated. In SSCM Type I, each spinal cord has its own dura tube. In the SSCM Type II, both parts of the spinal cord are surrounded by a common dura tube. Cases presentation During the clinical examination one calf showed ambulatory paresis and 3 calves non-ambulatory paraparesis. Calf 4 additionally had a congenital tremor. The examination of calf 4 using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a median hydrosyringomyelia at the level of the 4th lumbar vertebra. The caudal part of this liquid-filled cavity was split longitudinally through a thin septum. From there, the spinal cord structures duplicated with an incomplete division, so that the transverse section of the spinal cord appeared peanut-shaped and in each half a central canal could be observed. The pathological-anatomical examination after euthanasia showed a duplication of the spinal cord in the area of the lumbar vertebral column in all calves. The histopathological examination revealed two central lumbar vertebral column channels. The two spinal cord duplicates were each surrounded by two separate meninges in calf 2 (SSCM type I); in the other calves (1, 3, 4, and) the two central canals and the spinal cord were covered by a common meninx (SSCM type II). A pedigree analysis of calves 2, 3 and 4 showed a degree of relationship suggestive of a hereditary component. This supports the hypothesis of a possible recessive inheritance due to common ancestors, leading to partial genetic homozygosity. Conclusions The clinical appearance of SSCM can vary widely. In calves with congenital paralysis SSCM should always be considered as a differential diagnosis. A reliable diagnosis intra vitam is possible only with laborious imaging procedures such as MRI. Further studies on the heritability of this malformation are necessary to confirm a genetic cause of this disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Split spinal cord malformations in 4 Holstein Friesian calves

et al. 2019

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“…In the Netherlands, a congenital tremor syndrome in male Holstein-Friesian calves was recorded in which it was suggested that myelin degeneration may have been secondary to an axonopathy. 3 Congenital axonopathies also have been recorded in the Brown Swiss and probably occur in other bovine disorders. 4 Acquired axonopathies in cattle could result from chemical intoxications, such as chronic organophosphate poisoning and plant poisoning, and possibly from nutritional diseases such as copper deficiency, although enzootic ataxia and swayback are generally only recognized in lambs and goats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelopathy in Holstein × Gir Calves in Brazil

Borges¹,

Mendes²,

Luvizotto³

et al. 2003

J Vet Int Med

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myelopathy in Holstein X Gir Calves in Brazil

Borges

Mendes

Luvizotto

et al. 2003

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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This case report contains clinical and pathologic features of a degenerative myelopathy in Holstein ϫ Gir crossbred calves in Brazil. The bilateral and symmetrical spinal cord white matter lesions were interpreted as a primary axonopathy that may be of the dying-back type.Key words: Axonopathy; Bovine; Degenerative myelopathy; Neurology T he central nervous system (CNS) is susceptible to a variety of insults, including infectious, toxicologic, and genetic disorders. Inherited disorders can be evident at birth or might not be apparent until later in the 1st year of life or beyond. Most neurological disorders are recognized in the dog and cat with fewer examples in farm animals. Case DescriptionAn abnormal pattern of locomotion progressing to tetraparesis was observed in calves of the Holstein ϫ Gir breed, some of which were presented to São Paulo State University Veterinary Hospital (Araça-tuba-Brazil). In the 1997 breeding season, the farm had 24 births, of which 7 calves (3 males and 4 females) were normal until 3 months when they suddenly showed an altered pattern of locomotion in the thoracic limbs. Fifteen to 22 days later, these animals were permanently recumbent and by 5 months of age had succumbed to complications of their recumbency (pneumonia, anaplasma, or babesia).All the affected calves were sired by a 4-year-old Holstein bull introduced in the 1996 breeding season, at which time he had no prior progeny. This bull was mated to Gir cows, producing Holstein ϫ Gir offspring. In the following year, this bull was used to breed 3 cows on a 2nd farm 10 miles from the 1st property; 1 of these 3 cows had a calf with the same disorder. We examined 5 animals over a period of 4 months, 3 of whom could walk when 1st presented to us and 2 of whom were recumbent. The 3 ambulatory calves were alert and responsive, could stand unaided, and walked with a distinct overreaching-floating action of the thoracic limbs. The pelvic limbs were slightly awkward and swayed slightly. All calves could see, had no head tremors, and did not have a basewide stance. Within days, the calves were unable to rise even when helped; respiratory complications developed, and they died after 1 to 3 months of hospitalization. Two other animals arrived at the hospital in recumbency, but the veterinarian who had examined them at the farm reported that the nature and evolution of neurological signs were the same. These animals became recumbent Botucatu, SP 18608000, Brasil; email: asborges@fmvz.unesp.br. Submitted February 25, 2003; Revised March 28, 2003; Accepted March 28, 2003. Copyright when 3 to 4 months old and died 2 to 10 weeks later of the same complications. These calves appeared bright and responsive but were recumbent and when lifted made no movements. The thoracic limbs appeared contracted with a fixed, flexed carpus bilaterally and were possibly atrophied.No hematological or biochemical abnormalities were present in the ambulatory calves and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in 2 animals after cisternal puncture revealed no abno...

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Congenital tremor in Holstein Friesian‐cattle

Cited by 9 publications

References 17 publications

Split spinal cord malformations in 4 Holstein Friesian calves

Split spinal cord malformations in 4 Holstein Friesian calves

Myelopathy in Holstein × Gir Calves in Brazil

Myelopathy in Holstein X Gir Calves in Brazil

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