Congenital tracheal stenosis caused by a new tracheal ring malformation

Operative or non-operative treatment of congenital tracheal stenosis: is there something new?

“…One of the most constant associated anomaly is the left PAS which is present in approximately 50% of cases. Complete tracheal rings are almost inherent to CTS except for other very rare tracheal anomalies like complete tracheal cartilaginous sleeve or corkscrew trachea (3,4) (Figures 1,2). Albeit the aberrant course of the LPA, between the trachea and the esophagus, in its way to the left lung, CTS is generally considered an intrinsic anomaly thus extrinsic vascular compression is probably not responsible for the decreased tracheal lumen.…”