Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Wild Boar (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) and Identification of the<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>Types Involved

Calero‐Bernal, Rafael; Gómez, L.; Saugar, José María; Frontera, E.; Pérez-Martín, Juan Enrique; Reina, David; Serrano, Francisco; Fuentes, Isabel

doi:10.7589/2013-01-024

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…Calero-Bernal et al [14] reported similar findings in boars caused by T. gondii congenital infection: the pregnant mother carried less fetuses than those expected for this species and one of them presented bilateral anophthalmia, agenesis of the nasal cartilage and prognathism. Toxoplasmosis was diagnosed by PCR and histopathology in both maternal and fetal tissues [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Report of an unsual case of anophthalmia and craniofacial cleft in a newborn with Toxoplasma gondii congenital infection

et al. 2017

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BackgroundWe present one unusual case of anophthalmia and craniofacial cleft, probably due to congenital toxoplasmosis only.Case presentationA two-month-old male had a twin in utero who disappeared between the 7th and the 14th week of gestation. At birth, the baby presented anophthalmia and craniofacial cleft, and no sign compatible with genetic or exposition/deficiency problems, like the Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome or maternal vitamin A deficiency. Congenital toxoplasmosis was confirmed by the presence of IgM abs and IgG neo-antibodies in western blot, as well as by real time PCR in blood. CMV infection was also discarded by PCR and IgM negative results. Structures suggestive of T. gondii pseudocysts were observed in a biopsy taken during the first functional/esthetic surgery.ConclusionsWe conclude that this is a rare case of anophthalmia combined with craniofacial cleft due to congenital toxoplasmosis, that must be considered by physicians. This has not been reported before.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Report of an unsual case of anophthalmia and craniofacial cleft in a newborn with Toxoplasma gondii congenital infection

et al. 2017

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“…Wild boars are considered a good indicator species for environmental contamination with T. gondii because they are presumed to acquire the infection from contact with soil. However, wild boars are omnivorous animals and could be infected with all three infective forms of the parasite: sporozoites of oocysts that have sporulated in the environment after having been shed there in unsporulated form by felids; bradyzoites of tissue cysts, which are carried in the tissues of chronically infected hosts; and tachyzoites, which dominate in acute infections and may cause transplacental [ 23 ] and possibly galactogenic and venereal infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging wild boars hunted for human consumption in Estonia

2015

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BackgroundAlthough the prevalence of human Toxoplasma gondii infections is high in Estonia, no information is available on the prevalence of infections in the local animal populations. Wild boars are a good indicator species for estimating the prevalence and spread of T. gondii and were thus investigated in this nationwide cross-sectional study. Volunteer hunters sampled cardiac or skeletal muscle of 471 wild boars legally hunted for human consumption in Estonia during the hunting season of 2012–2013. Serosanguineous meat juice samples were obtained from thawed tissue samples, diluted 1:40, and screened for specific anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies with a commercial direct agglutination test.ResultsAlmost one-quarter (113; 24%) of the wild boars examined were seropositive for T. gondii. The seroprevalence did not differ significantly between age groups or sexes. The seroprevalence was lowest in Viljandimaa, which is located in the southern part of Estonia. In other counties, the infection was evenly prevalent.ConclusionsIn Estonia, wild boars are commonly exposed to T. gondii, which is endemic and widespread. The consumption of raw or undercooked meat of Estonian wild boars may pose an infection risk to humans and other hosts.

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“…The observed C-score was calculated for each presence/absence matrix and compared with the expected C-score calculated for 5000 randomly assembled null matrices by Monte Carlo procedures. The analysis was carried out using the software EcoSim 7.72 [38] .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity of Bovine Tuberculosis Is Associated with Co-Infection with Common Pathogens in Wild Boar

et al. 2014

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Co-infections with parasites or viruses drive tuberculosis dynamics in humans, but little is known about their effects in other non-human hosts. This work aims to investigate the relationship between Mycobacterium bovis infection and other pathogens in wild boar (Sus scrofa), a recognized reservoir of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Mediterranean ecosystems. For this purpose, it has been assessed whether contacts with common concomitant pathogens are associated with the development of severe bTB lesions in 165 wild boar from mid-western Spain. The presence of bTB lesions affecting only one anatomic location (cervical lymph nodes), or more severe patterns affecting more than one location (mainly cervical lymph nodes and lungs), was assessed in infected animals. In addition, the existence of contacts with other pathogens such as porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV), swine influenza virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis and Metastrongylus spp, was evaluated by means of serological, microbiological and parasitological techniques. The existence of contacts with a structured community of pathogens in wild boar infected by M. bovis was statistically investigated by null models. Association between this community of pathogens and bTB severity was examined using a Partial Least Squares regression approach. Results showed that adult wild boar infected by M. bovis had contacted with some specific, non-random pathogen combinations. Contact with PCV2, ADV and infection by Metastrongylus spp, was positively correlated to tuberculosis severity. Therefore, measures against these concomitant pathogens such as vaccination or deworming, might be useful in tuberculosis control programmes in the wild boar. However, given the unexpected consequences of altering any community of organisms, further research should evaluate the impact of such measures under controlled conditions. Furthermore, more research including other important pathogens, such as gastro-intestinal nematodes, will be necessary to complete this picture.

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Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) and Identification of theToxoplasma gondiiTypes Involved

Cited by 21 publications

References 26 publications

Report of an unsual case of anophthalmia and craniofacial cleft in a newborn with Toxoplasma gondii congenital infection

Report of an unsual case of anophthalmia and craniofacial cleft in a newborn with Toxoplasma gondii congenital infection

Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging wild boars hunted for human consumption in Estonia

Severity of Bovine Tuberculosis Is Associated with Co-Infection with Common Pathogens in Wild Boar

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