Congenital sternoclavicular dermoid sinus

Congenital dermoid fistulas of the anterior chest region (CDFACR): usefulness of sonography for complete resection

“…However, using sonography, we can distinguish CDFACRs from these other fistula types. First, CDFACRs usually occur on the left side, rather than in the median portion, of the chest [2] , [6] , [7] . Congenital skin fistulas with sternal cleft occur in the midline of the anterior chest wall [13] , and congenital dermoid cysts occur at the mid-ventral or mid-dorsal embryogenic fusion site [12] .…”

“…Congenital dermoid fistulas of the anterior chest regions (CDFACRs) consist of a skin orifice at the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle with fistulas extending caudally in the subcutaneous tissue near the sternoclavicular joint [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] . Histologically, CDFACRs have a keratin-containing tubular structure lined with keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] and are perhaps connected to the sternoclavicular joint via fibrous tissue [1] . They have also been termed congenital fistulas of the sternoclavicular joint area [2] , congenital cutaneous fistulas at the sternoclavicular joint [6] , and congenital sternoclavicular dermoid sinuses [7] .…”

“…Histologically, CDFACRs have a keratin-containing tubular structure lined with keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] and are perhaps connected to the sternoclavicular joint via fibrous tissue [1] . They have also been termed congenital fistulas of the sternoclavicular joint area [2] , congenital cutaneous fistulas at the sternoclavicular joint [6] , and congenital sternoclavicular dermoid sinuses [7] .…”

“…The prevalence of CDFACR cases is unclear, and only a few case reports have described their physical diagnosis [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] or presented computed tomography (CT) images [3] , [8] , MRIs [1] , or fistulagrams [7] . Because CDFACARs are congenital and occur in infants and children, radiation exposure should be minimal.…”

“…Because CDFACARs are congenital and occur in infants and children, radiation exposure should be minimal. Complete resection is required to prevent recurrence [2] , [7] , and preoperative radiologic images of the caudal part of the fistula are important. To the best of our knowledge, sonography findings for CDFACRs have not been reported thus far.…”