Congenital stenosis of the preputial orifice in a dog

Abstract

THE prepuce is embryologically derived from the ectoderm; a layer of epithelium is trapped between the urogenital folds and the glans of the penis. This epithelial lamina eventually splits, and the folds are transformed into flaps of skin covering the glans, and the preputial orifice is formed by the edges of the flaps (Latshaw 1987).In adult dogs, the prepuce is fairly well separated from the abdominal wall; the cranial part is free and forms a complete cylindrical fold which tapers towards the preputial orifice (Evans and Christensen 1979, Nickel andSchummer 1979). Congenital preputial stenosis leading to phimosis, or entrapment of the penis inside the prepuce has been reported in both dogs (Elam and Randle 1952, Dominguez and others 1996), and cats (Elkins 1983). It may vary from complete occlusion of the preputial orifice, resulting in obstruction of the urine-outflow and early death, to asymptomatic narrowing of the urethral orifice preventing protrusion of the penis. This condition has been reported in the German shepherd, labrador retriever, golden retriever, mixed breed dogs, and domestic shorthair cats (Ettinger 1989).A three-and-a-half-month-old mixed breed dog was presented for investigation of a urinary tract problem characterised by pooling and dribbling of urine from the preputial orifice since birth. Clinical examination revealed that the prepuce was hypoplastic and not separated from the abdominal wall. A normal preputial orifice and the usual tuft of hair were not observed. The preputial orifice was essentially absent, except for a pinpoint opening (0-8 mm diameter) (Fig 1). Palpation revealed a tense fluctuating cylinder extending the length of the prepuce and manual expression of the bladder and preputial sac produced a small drop of urine from the preputial orifice. The scrotum and testes were normal.A urine sample was obtained by cystocentesis. Urinanalysis, serum chemistry profile and haemogram were normal.Before surgery, a radiological examination was performed. The dog was anaesthetised with a combination of 2 mg/kg xylazine-HCI (Rompun; Bayer) and 10 mg/kg ketamine HCl (Ketalar; Eczacibasi) intramuscularly. Plain ventrodorsal and lateral abdominal radiographs were taken. The area was then shaved and prepared aseptically and 10 ml water soluble iodine contrast medium (Urografin [sodium diatrizoate 100 mg/ml, meglumine diatrizoate 660 mg/ml]; Schering) was injected into the preputium via a 1-0 x 130 mm cat catheter which was introduced into the prepuce.Ventrodorsal and lateral abdominal radiographs were taken and the plain and contrast radiographs were compared. The radiographs revealed that the preputial sac and penis were of normal size and structure but localized under the skin of the abdominal wall (Fig 2).After the radiological examination, surgery was performed. The dog was placed in dorsal recumbency and a triangular incision was made at the point of the preputial opening. The incised skin was removed and continued to the preputial sac, allowing the penis to be exteriorised. The ski...

Congenital phimosis in a cat

“…The preputial mucosa was then sutured to the incised skin edges. Sarierler and Kara (1998)reported a case of congenital stenosis of the preputial orifice in a three and a half month- old mixed breed dog, which presented as pooling and dribbling of urine from the preputial orifice since birth. The dog was successfully treated by the removal of a triangular section of the prepuce.…”

“…Congenital phimosis, which is characterised by a narrow preputial orifice and entrapment of the penis inside the prepuce, has been reported in a small number of companion animal patients (Elkins, 1983; Kruger et al, 1996; Papazoglou and Kazakos, 2002; Proescholdt et al, 1977; Sarierler and Kara, 1998). Clinical signs of phimosis may vary from an asymptomatic narrowing of the preputial orifice, to complete occlusion of the preputial orifice and signs of urinary obstruction such as stranguria and pollakiuria (Kruger et al, 1996).…”

“…A diagnosis of congenital phimosis is made by the identification of a small preputial orifice, which prevents the extrusion of the penis from the prepuce. Several methods have been described to surgically treat congenital phimosis in small animal patients (Boothe, 2003; Elkins, 1983; Hobson, 1998; Kruger et al, 1996; Papazoglou and Kazakos, 2002;Sarierler and Kara, 1998).…”

Rare preputial anomaly and its surgical correction in a dog

“…SIR, – Congenital preputial anomalies are relatively uncommon in dogs. Examples include stenosis of the orifice (Sarierler and Kara 1998), incomplete development (Jones and Joshua 1984) or interruption of the caudal part (Domínguez and others 1996). However, atresia of the preputial orifice is very rare and has been described only once (Elam and Randle 1952).…”

Preputial urinary diversion to treat urine soaking during urination in a dog

“…Surgery of the prepuce is generally undertaken to correct congenital or acquired abnormalities resulting in phimosis or paraphimosis. Surgical procedures described include surgical enlargement of the preputial orifice to treat congenital stenosis (Sarierler and Kara 1998; Boothe 2003), creation of a preputial orifice to correct congenital atresia (Meilan 2006) and cranial advancement of the prepuce along the abdominal wall to treat a deficiency in the length of the prepuce (Papazoglou 2001). Preputial wounds, neoplasia or foreign bodies may also necessitate surgery (Boothe 2003).…”