Congenital scoliosis

Abstract

Congenital scoliosis is a deformity of the developing spine that results from defects in vertebral development. The developmental etiologies may be classified as either a failure of formation, a failure of segmentation, or a mixture of these two modes of maldevelopment. Early detection and close surveillance of congenital scoliosis is critical, as a rapidly progressive curve may lead to significant deformity, pulmonary restriction, and neurologic problems if not treated. Early surgical treatment is often necessary for rapidly progressive curves.

Congenital costo-vertebral fibrous band and congenital kyphoscoliosis: a previously unreported combination

“…Orthopedic treatment yielded various improvement rates in congenital kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis due to hemivertebrae [15], and is considered in cases with compensatory curves and long flexible curves with few congenital anomalies [1].…”

“…Hemivertebrectomy [1,16] convex epiphysiodesis with or without instrumentation [17,18] and transpedicular epiphysiodesis with posterior unilateral instrumentation [19]. Based on the rationale that the fibrous band contributes to the spinal deformity, we chose to excise it before intervening on the spine.…”

“…Congenital kyphoscoliosis (CKS) results from abnormalities in vertebral chondrification centers [1]. Genetic causes [2,3] have been identified and CKS may be seen in hereditary and polymalformative syndromes.…”

Results of complete hemivertebra excision followed by circumferential fusion and anterior or posterior instrumentation in patients with type-IA formation defect

“…Prior to the development of modern instrumentation systems, excision of hemivertebra was not commonly performed, as it did not provide significant correction, except for fusion effect on curves and ceasing of progression; it also had serious neurological and systemic complications [1,5,16,21]. Recently, Leatherman and Dickson [22] popularized it again.…”

A sacral anomaly from the Quaker Cemetery, Kingston‐upon‐Thames, England

“…Hemivertebrae occur in approximately 0.5 to 1.0 per 1000 live births (Goldstein et al, 2005), and are more than twice as common in female foetuses as they are in males (Jaskwhich et al, 2000). They can appear on either the left or right sides of the spine, and can be solitary or multiple.…”