“…1,2 Approximately 60% of such patients have tetralogy of Fallot, double-outlet right ventricle, atrial and ventricular septal defects, or a combination of these. [3][4][5] Embryologically, the left 7th intersegmental artery migrates cephalad to the level of the ductal arch, after which the distal left dorsal aorta involutes, isolating the LSA from the aortic arch but maintaining its connectivity to the PA through the ductus arteriosus. 6,7 Thus, the LSA receives blood flow retrograde through the vertebral system, leading to a left-to-right shunt from the vertebrobasilar system to the PA. 8 After birth, a natural physiologic decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance occurs, and reversal of flow through the LSA results in subclavian steal, reversing blood flow from the brain and increasing blood flow into the lungs.…”