Congenital Muscular Tortıcollis: Evaluation and Classification

Complete tight fibrous band release and resection in congenital muscular torticollis

“…1e7,11e19, 22,27 CMT is one of the most common congenital musculoskeletal anomalies after hip dislocation and clubfoot. 4,5,7,12,18 The incidence of this childhood disease varies from 0.3% to 2%, 4,5,7,18 and there appears to be a slight male predominance with a relative ratio of approximately 3:2. 4,5 Although various theories have been proposed to explain its aetiology, such as birth trauma, intrauterine malposition, infectious myositis and venous occlusion, difficult delivery, and hereditary and compartment syndrome, the actual cause of CMT has not been identified.…”

Congenital Muscular Torticollis: An Overview

“…Although evidence about CTM aetiology is vague it is postulated that fetal position abnormalities, intrauterine or perinatal compartment syndrome and birth trauma ensuing a difficult delivery embody the main causes [5,10].…”

“…This lump can affect both the sternal and clavicular parts of the muscle [14]. This endomysial mass is consisted of fibrotic issue linked with deposition of collagen and migration of fibroblasts around the atrophic sternocleidomastoid fibers [5].…”

“…Nevertheless this firm still painless fibrotic tissue in severe cases subsequently results in secondary plagiocephaly and skull and facial asymmetry [4][5][6][7].…”

“…CMT is recorded as is the third most common congenital musculoskeletal anomaly after dislocation of the hip and clubfoot [1,5].…”