Congenital infections with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV7)

Hall, Caroline Breese; Caserta, Mary T.; Schnabel, Kenneth C.; Boettrich, Christian; McDermott, Michael P.; Lofthus, Geraldine; Carnahan, Jennifer; Dewhurst, Stephen

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.06.017

Cited by 159 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(62 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…More cases need to be studied to validate this information, but it is possible that HHV-6 integration at sites other than the telomeres is not tolerated or that the virus is not viable, explaining why integration at other sites has not been observed. Having telomeric sequences within its extremities does not appear to be sufficient to promote integration, as HHV-7, the closest relative of HHV-6, possesses such sequences but integration of HHV-7 has never been reported (38). HHV-6 has a distinctive feature not possessed by other human herpesviruses that might favor viral integration: an open reading frame (U94) coding for a protein that shares homologies (24% amino acid identity) with the REP68/78 protein of the parvovirus adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2) (92).…”

Section: Chromosomal Integration Of Hhv-6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpesviruses and Chromosomal Integration

Morissette

Flamand

2010

J Virol

203

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Herpesviruses are members of a diverse family of viruses that colonize all vertebrates from fish to mammals. Although more than one hundred herpesviruses exist, all are nearly identical architecturally, with a genome consisting of a linear double-stranded DNA molecule (100 to 225 kbp) protected by an icosahedral capsid made up of 162 hollow-centered capsomeres, a tegument surrounding the nucleocapsid, and a viral envelope derived from host membranes. Upon infection, the linear viral DNA is delivered to the nucleus, where it circularizes to form the viral episome. Depending on several factors, the viral cycle can proceed either to a productive infection or to a state of latency. In either case, the viral genetic information is maintained as extrachromosomal circular DNA. Interestingly, however, certain oncogenic herpesviruses such as Marek's disease virus and Epstein-Barr virus can be found integrated at low frequencies in the host's chromosomes. These findings have mostly been viewed as anecdotal and considered exceptions rather than properties of herpesviruses. In recent years, the consistent and rather frequent detection (in approximately 1% of the human population) of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) viral DNA integrated into human chromosomes has spurred renewed interest in our understanding of how these viruses infect, replicate, and propagate themselves. In this review, we provide a historical perspective on chromosomal integration by herpesviruses and present the current state of knowledge on integration by HHV-6 with the possible clinical implications associated with viral integration.

show abstract

Section: Chromosomal Integration Of Hhv-6mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpesviruses and Chromosomal Integration

Morissette

Flamand

2010

J Virol

203

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the majority of HHV-7 infections are presumably acquired through contact with the saliva of adults (5), and congenital infection with HHV-7 has not been demonstrated (18); thus, U21-mediated downregulation of HLA-G in trophoblasts is an unlikely scenario. Nonetheless, U21's ability to reroute HLA-G to the lysosomal compartment contributed to our understanding of U21's ability to associate with a wide range of class I molecules.…”

Section: Vol 84 2010mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Herpesvirus 7 U21 Downregulates Classical and Nonclassical Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules from the Cell Surface

May

Glosson

Hudson

2010

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Standardization of PCRs with improved ease of use has resulted from the availability of commercial master mixes that include hot-start Taq polymerase and novel formulations to enhance amplification (20). These properties were utilized in the development of applied mPCRs that are simple to prepare and can be validated and individualized for the clinical situation to maximize efficacy for diagnostic use (12,29,42,43,48).There is wide range of putative agents implicated in congenital infections (4,8,24,25,33,34) and clinical samples such as amniotic fluid and neonatal blood may be limited. The aim of this study was to develop and validate mPCRs that would facilitate this testing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Multiplex PCRs for Detection of Common Viral Pathogens and Agents of Congenital Infections

McIver

Jacques²,

Chow

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Potential causes of congenital infection include Toxoplasma gondii and viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), enterovirus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2), human herpesvirus types 6, 7, and 8, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, parvovirus, rubella virus, and varicella-zoster virus. Testing for each of these agents using nucleic acid tests is time consuming and the availability of clinical samples such as amniotic fluid or neonatal blood is often limited. The aim of this study was to develop multiplex PCRs (mPCRs) for detection of DNA and RNA agents in the investigation of congenital infection and an mPCR for the viruses most commonly requested in a diagnostic virology laboratory (CMV, Epstein-Barr virus, enterovirus, HSV-1, HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus). The assays were assessed using known pathogenpositive tissues (cultures, placentae, plasma, and amniotic fluid) and limits of detection were determined for all the agents studied using serial dilutions of plasmid targets. Nested PCR was performed as the most sensitive assay currently available, and detection of the amplicons using hybridization to labeled probes and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection was incorporated into three of the four assays. This allowed detection of 10 to 10 2 copies of each agent in the samples processed. In several patients, an unexpected infection was diagnosed, including a case of encephalitis where HSV was the initial clinical suspicion but CMV was detected. In the majority of these cases the alternative agent could be confirmed using reference culture, serology, or fluorescence methods and was of relevance to clinical care of the patient. The methods described here provide useful techniques for diagnosing congenital infections and a paradigm for assessment of new multiplex PCRs for use in the diagnostic laboratory.Nucleic acid testing has allowed more sensitive and specific detection of infectious agents and is being increasingly adopted by diagnostic laboratories. The technology is particularly useful in virology as it can replace conventional culture methods that are often expensive and labor intensive, detect fastidious organisms such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), detect low-copynumber agents such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) in cerebrospinal fluid, and improve turn-around times for detection of treatable agents such as herpesviruses (30,42,48,50). In the clinical and diagnostic setting, accurate and rapid diagnosis of the causative agent of disease is paramount. Testing for various agents using multiple primer sets in multiplex PCR (mPCR) reactions is an innovation that offers significant benefits in costs, time and accurate diagnosis (20,35). Furthermore, for any given clinical syndrome there a number of candidate agents that may be implicated, particularly with regard to congenital infection.In the diagnostic setting, standardization of assays, use of quality controlled (usually commercially available) reagents, extensive validation of the assays used, and sensitive detection ...

show abstract

Congenital infections with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV7)

Cited by 159 publications

References 33 publications

Herpesviruses and Chromosomal Integration

Herpesviruses and Chromosomal Integration

Human Herpesvirus 7 U21 Downregulates Classical and Nonclassical Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecules from the Cell Surface

Development of Multiplex PCRs for Detection of Common Viral Pathogens and Agents of Congenital Infections

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About