“…Even in the short term, hepatic failure can occur (Kerr et al, 1961;Williams et al, 1964) and it would not be surprising 514 if hepatic function declined after shunt operations. Children with the disorder face other hazards, including uraemia, calculi (Hodgson et al, 1976), and septicaemia (Kerr et al, 1962) from their renal disease, cholangitis from associated anomalies of the bile ducts which include Caroli's anomaly (cystic dilatation) (Murray-Lyon et al, 1972;Mall et al, 1974), choledochous cyst, and gallstones; infections from other portals of entry (Thorburn et al, 1967), and lung fibrosis or emphysema (Williams et al, 1964). Peptic ulcer has featured in some reports (Lorimer et al, 1967) and might be expected to increase after shunt surgery.…”