Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is associated with nonscrotal testes

Analysis of Factors Associated with Undescended Testis in Patients with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

“…Janssen et al reported that 36% of male patients with CDH were diagnosed using UDT, of whom 29% underwent orchidopexy. They demonstrated no signi cant differences between the UDT and non-UDT groups regarding demographics or CDH-speci c characteristics, including birth weight, gestational age, method of diaphragmatic repair, surgical approach, or use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) [2]. In contrast, Azalow et al demonstrated that 18% of male CDH patients required orchidopexy.…”

“…Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a relatively frequent congenital malformation, with an incidence of approximately one in 2,000-3,000 live births [1,2]. It causes various degrees of respiratory distress, and the reported frequency of associated malformations ranges from 27-63% [3][4][5][6] The wide variation in the incidence of associated anomalies in CDH is due to inconsistent de nitions across studies.…”

“…Although the incidence of UDT in full-term infants is reported to be around 3% [8], some studies have reported a high incidence in patients with CDH [2,[8][9][10][11][12]. However, the mechanisms underlying testicular maldescence in patients with CDH have not been elucidated, and clinical factors related to UDT in these patients are poorly understood.…”

“…Janssen et al reported that only 3 out of 27 patients developed unilateral UDT contralateral to the side of the CDH, and 8 out of 27 patients developed bilateral UDT[2], while Azalow et al reported that no patient developed unilateral UDT contralateral to the side of the CDH and 2 out of 12 CDH patients developed bilateral UDT[10]. Thus, Azalow et al suggested that the absence of diaphragm tissue may disrupt the regression of the craniosuspensory ligament, resulting in testicular maldescent in CDH[9].…”